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（387） 北京理工大学远程教育学院2018-2019学年第一学期
《综合英语》期末试卷（模拟试卷1）
校外学习中心 学号 姓名 成绩
考试方式：闭卷
答题要求：
一、第一至第四部分的正确答案一律按要求用2B铅笔涂在答题卡上（从方框的左端穿过字母中间划向方框右端，不要超出方框两端，浓度盖过字母底色）.
第五、六部分的翻译和写作写在末尾页，并在相应处填写考生信息.考试结束时只交答题卡和试卷答题纸.
二、机读卡填写方法：远程学生直接用签字笔或圆珠笔把15位准考证号填入答题卡学生代号下的方框内，再用2B铅笔填涂下面相应的数字方框.函授学生第一位先填"0"，然后填写14位学号.非2B铅笔标准填涂或信息有误者，答题卡将无法读出而显示0分.
请仔细填涂个人信息并核对！Part I：Reading Comprehension（2*15= 30）
Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Passage 1
Aging happens to all of us, and is generally thought of as a natural part of life. It would seem silly to call such a thing a “disease.”
On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things, and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and many more. In that light, aging itself might be seen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin deficiency.
Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a disease. He said that describing aging as a disease creates incentives to develop treatments.
“It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical (制药的）industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side effects,” he said.
‘‘Right now, people think of aging as natural and something you can’t control:’ he said. “In academic circles, people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions. The medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range.”
But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, “It would attract funding and change the way we do health care. What matters is understanding that aging is curable.”
“It was always known that the body accumulates damage,” he added. “The only way to cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. I think of it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions.''
Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some researchers suggest is possible. Hay flick is not among them.
“There’re many people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart disease. But they continue to age, because aging is separate from their disease,” Hayflick said. “Even if those causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years.”1.What do people generally believe about aging?
A)It should cause no alarm whatsoever.
B)They just cannot do anything about it.
C)It should be regarded as a kind of disease.
D)They can delay it with advances in science.2.How do many scientists view aging now?
A) It might be prevented and treated.
B) It can be as risky as heart disease.
C) It results from a vitamin deficiency.
D) It is an irreversible biological process.3.What does Alex Zhavoronkov think of“describing aging as a disease”?
A)It will prompt people to take aging more seriously.
B)It will greatly help reduce the side effects of aging.
C)It will free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about aging.
D)It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.4.What do we learn about the medical community?
A)They now have a strong interest in research on aging.
B)They differ from the academic circles in their view on aging.
C)They can contribute to people’s health only to a limited extent.
D)They have ways to intervene in people's aging process.5.What does Professor Leonard Hay flick believe?
A)The human lifespan cannot be prolonged.
B)Aging is hardly separable from disease.
C)Few people can live up to the age of 92.
D)Heart disease is the major cause of aging.Passage 2
Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation，compared with their male counterparts. Christopher Intagliata reports.
As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring (指导），and have better odds of being hired. Studies show they’re also perceived as more competent than women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. And new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, too.
“Say，you know, this is the best student I’ve ever had,” says Kuheli Dutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia University’s Lamont campus. “Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter: 'The candidate was productive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something that’s clearly solid praise，’ but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a kind.”
Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1,200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral positions in geoscience. They were all edited for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowing the gender of the student. They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters, compared with their male counterparts. That includes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and women. The findings are in the journal Nature Geoscience.
Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the data in the files. But she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers starting with those less than out standing letters of recommendation.
“We’re not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone consciously sexist. Rather, the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level.” Which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves.6.What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?
A)There are many more men applying than women.
B)Chances for women to get the positions are scarce.
C)More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.
D)Male applicants have more interest in these positions than their female counterparts.7.What do studies about men and women in scientific research show?
A)Women engaged in postdoctoral work are quickly catching up.
B)Fewer women are applying for postdoctoral positions due to gender bias.
C)Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.
D)Women who are keenly interested in STEM fields are often exceptional.8.What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants?
A)They are hardly ever supported by concrete examples.
B)They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.
C)They provide objective information without exaggeration.
D)They are often filled with praise for exceptional applicants.9.What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more than 1,200 letters of recommendation?
A)They asked unbiased scholars to evaluate them.
B)They invited women professionals to edit them.
C)They assigned them randomly to reviewers.
D)They deleted all information about gender.10. What does Dutt aim to do with her study?
A)Raise recommendation writers’ awareness of gender bias in their letters.
B)Open up fresh avenues for women post-doctors to join in research work.
C)Alert women researchers to all types of gender bias in the STEM disciplines.
D)Start a public discussion on how to raise women's status in academic circles.Passage 3
That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night” effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.
Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the de partment for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep bleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球）of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did.
Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声）of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.11.What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?
A)To what extent it can trouble people. C) What circumstances may trigger it.
B)What role it has played in evolution. D) In what way it can be beneficial.12.What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research?
A)She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.
B)She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.
C)She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins.
D)She conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins' sleeping patterns.13.What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?
A)She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.
B)She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences.
C)She studied the differences between the two sides of participants’ brains.
D)She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.14.What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?
A)She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.
B)She recorded participants' adaptation to changed environment.
C)She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.
D)She compared the responses of different participants."15.What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?
A)They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.
B)They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.
C)They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps.
D)They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.Part II: Vocabulary and Structure（2*10=20）
Directions: In this part there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
16．So much ____ about his ships on the sea that he didn’t sleep for a single minute all night.
A. did he worry? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? B. he did worry
C. he worried? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? D.worried he
17. His new novel is said ____ into a film last year.
A. to make? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? B.to have made
C. to be made? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? D.to have been made
18. He tried several times to pass the exam. __the end, he succeeded.
A. On? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? B.In? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? C. At? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?D. By
19. The report of an earthquake (地震) in the South China Sea has not been ____ yet.
A. conflicted? ?? ??? B.confused? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? C. confined? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? D. confirmed
20. The clouds are gathering. We’d better hurry and ____ the department store in case it rains.
A. hand in? ?? ?? ??? B.face up to? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? C. head for? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? D. back up
21. We don’t need air conditioning, ______.
A. nor can we afford it? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???B. neither can afford it
C. nor we can afford it? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???D. neither we can afford it
22. Could you find someone ______?
A. for me to play tennis with? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?B. play tennis with
C. for me to play tennis? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?D. play tennis
23. “You are too self-centered. It’s high time you ______ that you are not the most important person in the world,” Edgar said to his boss angrily.
A. realized? ?? ?? ??? B.have realized? ?? ?? ?? ? C. realize? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? D. should realize
24. The government cannot operate effectively ______ it is free from such interference.
A. so long as? ?? ??? B.so that? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? C. unless? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? D. because
25. If I had remembered ______ the window,the thief would not have got in.
A. to close? ?? ?? ??? B.closing? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? C. to have closed? ?? ?? ??? D. having closedPart III: Cloze (2*10=20)
Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. You should choose ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Why do I want to go to college? No one has ever asked me __26 _ a question. But many times I have asked myself. I have __27__ a whole variety of reasons. __28__ important reason is that I want to be a better man.
Many things make human beings different __29__ or better than or even superior to animals.
One of the most important things is __30__. If I fail to receive higher education, my education __31__. As I want to be a fully __32__ man, I must get a well-rounded education, which good colleges and universities are supposed to __33__. I know one can get educated in many ways, but colleges and universities are __34__ the best places to teach me how to educate myself. Only when I am well-educated, will I be a better human being and __35__ fit into society.26. A. quite B. so C. such D. another
27. A. come up with B. agreed with C. been fed up with D. got on well with
28. A. Most B. The most C. More D. Much
29. A. to B. around C. between D. from
30. A. education B. weather C. temperature D. science
31. A. finished B. don’t finish C. will not finish D. has finished
32. A. develop B. developed C. developing D. experience
33. A. improve B. graduate C. hear D. provide
34. A. between B. among C. inside D. outside
35. A. can good B. may better C. be able to better D. be able to best
Part IV: Translation (30)
Directions: In this part there is a passage consisting of 8 sentences in Chinese. You should translate it into English. Be sure to write clearly on the Answer Sheet.
华山位于华阴市，距西安120公里。华山是秦岭的一部分，秦岭不仅分隔陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同，华山过去很少有人光临，因为上山的道路极其危险。然而，希望长寿的人却经常上山，因为山上生长着许多药草，特别是一些稀有的药草。自上世纪90年代安装缆车以来，参观人数大大增加。（387） 北京理工大学远程教育学院2018-2019学年第一学期
《综合英语》期末试卷（模拟试卷1）答题纸校外学习中心 学号 姓名 成绩 Part IV: Translation (30) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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发表于 2020-7-12 16:45:58