《物流英语模拟题3及参考答案》山东大学20春课程作业答案

端木老师

物流英语C写出下列英文缩写的全拼
AGV
CRM
EDI
EOQ
GPS
MPS
二、翻译下列短文
1. Definition of Procurement
Procurement is the process of obtaining all the goods and services required by an organization from external sources. The aim is to obtain the bought-in goods and service at the lowest possible total acquisition cost. This does not mean simply the lowest possible purchase price, though that is the starting point.
In fact, the total acquisition cost involves a complex mix of factors such as the following：
Best purchase price commercially available；
Hidden costs of stockholding and internal administration；
Cost of poor quality and late delivery；
Loss of interest on early payments；
Operational and maintenance cost；
Costs arising from a negligent or failed supplier；
Costs of disposal and/or recycling.At a more strategic level, it includes the following activities：
Analysis of conditions and opportunities in the supply market；
Evaluation of potential suppliers；
Calculation of total cost of acquisition；
Joint responsibility with users for agreeing specifications；
Development of sourcing strategies. A table about the condition of the enterprise finance affair would illustrate the function of the lever theory. Suppose our aim is to double the profit. The enterprise’s total sale is a hundred million dollars, while the profit is five million dollars. 60% of the sale is for the bought-in goods and service, the rest cost includes labor services, salary and the general management cost. The problem is: how much should we increase or reduce on the sale amount, products prices, labor services, salary and the general management cost, or the procurement amount so as to improve the profit from the present five million dollars to ten million dollars? We can see from it that except for price, all the rest items should experience a large range of changes in order to double the profit. Even for the single item of price, the severe market competition would make the rise impossible. When it comes to the cost, though it’s impossible for us to control the major part of the cost of the procurement, it’s usually possible to reduce the cost significantly through some simple devices. For instance, we can ask two suppliers to bid for the same products, cooperate closely with the suppliers to control the cost, take advantage of the quantity discount by the suppliers, or choose carefully the sources of products, transporting routs, transporting methods, etc.. An insignificant percentage of the reducing in those aspects would realize a significant drop in the absolute cost and increase in the profit.
三．翻译下列句子
Translate the following sentences into English. （10 points）
1. 我们公司有一个十分完善的客户服务信息系统。(customer service)___
2. 虽然这主要是承运人应该注意的事情，但托运人的看法也是很重要的。(attention)___
3. 物流管理的基本概念适用于所有私营企业和公有企业。(concept)___
4. 一种商品不但质量要好，而且包装要有吸引力。(attractive)___
四．简答题
Answer the following questions in English.(10 points)
1. Why is information important to the performance of a supply chain?
2. What functions should industrial packaging perform?
参考答案：
写出下列英文缩写的全拼
AGV  Automated Guided Vehicle
CRM  Customer Relationship Management
EDI  Electronic data interchange
EOQ  Economic order quantity
GPS  Global Positioning System
MPS  Master Production Scheduling
二、翻译下列短文
采购管理
1.采购的定义
采购是一个组织从外部资源获取所需要的全部商品和服务的过程。其目的是用最少的可能的总的采购费用来获得所需的商品和服务。这并不单纯地指最低的可能的采购价格，尽管它是起始点。
实际上，总的采购成本涉及到许多复杂的因素，比如：
商务上可利用的最佳采购价格；
库存和内部管理的潜在成本；
劣质品和迟交付的成本；
早付款的利息损失；
设备运行维护的成本；
由供应商的失误或疏忽而引发的费用；
处置和/或再循环的费用。
从战略角度看，采购主要包括下列业务：
分析供应市场的环境和机会；
评估潜在的供应商；
采购物品的总成本计算；
把对用户的责任加到协议条款中；
采购策略的开发。
企业财务的损益表就能说明杠杆原理的作用。我们的目标是将利润提高一倍，某公司的总销售额为1 亿元，利润为500万元。其中，销售额的60%用来购买产品和服务，其余的成本包括劳务费、工资，以及一般管理费用。问题是：销售量、产品价格、劳务费和工资、一般管理费用或采购量要增加或减少多少，才能使利润从目前的500万元提高到1000万美元?
表2.1列出了为使利润提高，每个项目应变化的幅度。可以看出，除了价格外，其余各项都必须经历大幅度变动才能使利润增加一倍。甚至，单就价格这一项，市场上的激烈竞争也会使价格的上涨很难实现。在成本方面，我们虽然无法控制购入产品成本的主要部分，但是往往可以通过一些简单的手段来大幅度降低成本，比如让两个供应商对同一产品报价、与供应商紧密协作来控制成本、利用供应商的数量折扣、或者仔细选择货源、运输路线、运输方式等等。这些方面成本下降的百分比不需要很多就可以实现绝对成本的大幅下降和利润的大幅提高。
三．翻译下列句子
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 我们公司有一个十分完善的客户服务信息系统。(customer service)___
Our company has a perfect customer service information system．
2. 虽然这主要是承运人应该注意的事情，但托运人的看法也是很重要的。(attention)___
The shipper’s perspective about it is important，though it is chiefly  something that the carriers should pay attention to．
3. 物流管理的基本概念适用于所有私营企业和公有企业。(concept)___
The basic concepts of logistical management are applicable throughout private and public enterprise activities．
4. 一种商品不但质量要好，而且包装要有吸引力。(attractive)___
A product should be not only fine in quality, but also attractive in packaging.
四．简答题
Answer the following questions in English.
1. Why is information important to the performance of a supply chain?
Information is crucial to the performance of a supply chain because it provides those facts that supply chain managers use to make decisions.
    Without information, a manager will not know what customers want，how much inventory is in stock and when the products should be produced shipped．
In short，without information，a manager can only make decisions blindly．
2. What functions should industrial packaging perform?
First, it should protect the goods from damage during handling, storing and transportation.
   Second, it should promote logistical efficiency.
The third important function of logistical packaging function is communication or information transfer.
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