福师网院现代语言学作业

欧阳老师

I.           Multiple choice.

1.      The distinctionbetween langue and parole was proposed by _____.

A. Jacobson                   B. Bloomfield        

C. Saussure                   D. Chomsky

2.      That it is wrong to split an infinitive is an example of _____ rules.

A. prescriptive         B. descriptive  

C. transformational     D. functional

3.      One criteria ofdistinguishing different consonants is ______.

A. the height of tongue raising   B.manner of articulation

     C. obstruction of airflow           D. total stopping of air

4.      Which of thefollowing words contains NO inflectional suffix? ___________.

A. fastest    B. darken    C. easier       D. studies

5.      Good: Bad is an example of _____.

A. gradableantonymy                  B. relational antonymy                                 

C. complementary antonymy        D. complete antonymy

6.      In the sentence“The hunter killed the lion with a gun” , the thematic role of “a gun” is______.

A. agent                  B. patient   

C.experiencer             D. instrument

7.      The statement “Double negation is incorrect.” is an exampleof _____ rules.

A. prescriptive          B. descriptive

C. transformational      D. functional

8.       What kind of sounds can be identified when the vocal cords arevibrating?

  A.Voiceless        B. Voiced      

  C. Glottalstop       D. Consonant

9.      Consonantsand vowels are distinguished by ______.

A. place of articulation         B.manner of articulation

     C. obstruction of airflow       D.total stopping of air

10.   Whichof the following sounds is described as “voiced alveolar stop”?

A.[d]       B. [z]       C.[g]        D. [l]

11.   Whichof the following morphemes IS a bound morpheme?

A. ness     B. kiss        C. loss       D. boss

12.   Whichof the following words contains NO inflectional suffix?

A. fastest    B. chaos      C. easier       D. studies

13.   The distinctionbetween performance and competence was proposed by _____.

A. Jacobson                B. Bloomfield         

C. Saussure                 D. Chomsky

14.    In the pair of antonyms, “old” and “young”, “old”is more __________ than “young”.

A. useful   B. widely accepted     C.marked     D. unmarked

15.    If three consonants could cluster together at thebeginning of a word, the first phoneme must be __________.

A.        B. [t]          C. [l]        D. [p]

16.   Which of the following words contains NO inflectional suffix?

A. fastest   B. darken    C. easier       D. studies

17.   Alive: dead is an example of _____.

A. gradable antonymy                       B. relationalantonymy                                 

C. complementary antonymy        D.complete antonymy

II.Decide whether the following statements are True or False.

(  )1.          Speech is the primary medium of language.

(  )2.          Modern linguistics prefers descriptive method toprescriptive method.

(  )3.          “Ank” is a morpheme, because it appears in differentwords, such as tank, bank, rank.

(  )4.          The word “respond” includes 2 syllables, in whichthe sound is the coda of the first syllable.

(  )5.          The semantic relationship between the two sentences“The president was assassinated” and “The president is dead” ispresupposition.

(  )6.          Narrow transcription method is mainly used byphoneticians.  

(  )7.          The word “pronoun” is a closed-class word.

(  )8.          The difference between consonantsand vowels lies in the obstruction of air flow.

(  )9.          Those morphemes that can be used ontheir own are called bound morphemes.

(  )10.       The relationship of hyponymy isbetween the more general term such as color and the more specific instances ofit such as red, blue and white.

(  )11.       The utterance “I order you to leave the room.” performs adirective speech act.

(  )12.       The pronoun “him” performs a catapharic reference in sentence “She mustbe furious with him when Mike said he was leaving her.”

(  )13.       The hypothesis that claims that languageshapes the way we think and determines what we can think about is calledSapir-Whorf Hypothesis.

(  )14.       AComprehensive Grammar of the English Language by Quirket al. is a synchronic study of language.

(  )15.       The word “in” is an open class word.

(  )16.        Chinese is a tone language.

(  )17.       The semantic relationship betweenthe two sentences “John’s son is an engineer” and “John has a son” ispresupposition.

(  )18.       A syllable should contain at leastone vowel.

(  )19.       Compared with its antonym small, the word big is a marked item.

III.Define following terms.

1.      Speech act theory

2.     The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

3.      Coarticulation

4.     Minimal pairs

5.      Interlanguage  

6.      Complementary distribution

7.      Input Hypothesis

8.      Grammaticalization

9.      Complementary distribution

10.   Tenor of discourse

IV.Questions. Answer the following questions.

1.    InEnglish, the utterance “Can you answer the phone?” can be used to ask someoneto answer the phone. Why cannot the utterance “Can you eat the apple?” be usedto ask someone to eat the apple?           

2.              What are the differences betweeninflectional morphemes and derivational morphemes?

• Are /lbæk/,     /knæst/ and /kræst/ possible     syllables in English? Why?
  

4.      Explainwith examples the three notions of morph,morpheme and allomorph?           

5.      Discussthe individual factors which affect the acquisition of a second language.

• Give a brief account of significant events,     influences, and language contact in the history of the English language.