西南大学[0174]欧洲文化入门18春在线作业资料
01741、29.Humanism
参考答案：29.Humanismisaphilosophicalandethicalstancethatemphasizesthevalueandagencyofhumanbeings,individuallyandcollectively,andaffirmstheirabilitytoimprovetheirlivesthroughtheuseofreasonandingenuityasopposedtosubmittingblindlytotraditionandauthorityorsinkingintocrueltyandbrutality.Thetermwascoinedin1808bytheearlynineteenthcenturyGermaneducationalreformerandtheologianFriedrichNiethammerandgraduallyadoptedintoEnglish.NiethammerhadwishedtointroduceintoGermaneducationthehumanevaluesofancientGreeceandRome.
2、26.TheCrusades
参考答案：26.referencetotext-bookpp99-100TheCrusadeswereaseriesofreligiouswarssanctionedbytheLatinChurchinthemedievalperiod,especiallythecampaignsintheEasternMediterraneanwiththeaimofrecoveringtheHolyLandfromIslamicrule.ThetermcrusadesisalsoappliedtoothercampaignssanctionedbytheChurch,foughttocombatpaganismandheresyortoresolveconflictamongrivalRomanCatholicgroups,ortogainpoliticalorterritorialadvantage.Thetermcrusadesitselfisearlymodern,modelledonMiddleLatincruciatae,andhasinmorerecenttimesbeenextendedtoincludereligiouslymotivatedChristianmilitarycampaignsintheLateMiddleAges.ThecrusadeshadaprofoundimpactonWesterncivilisation:theyreopenedtheMediterraneantocommerceandtravel(enablingGenoaandVenicetoflourish);consolidatedthecollectiveidentityoftheLatinChurchunderpapalleadership;andwereawellspringforaccountsofheroism,chivalryandpiety.Thesetalesconsequentlygalvanisedmedievalromance,philosophyandliterature.ThecrusadesalsoreinforcedtheconnectionbetweenWesternChristendom,feudalism,andmilitarism.
3、20.Virgil
参考答案：20.referencetotext-bookp44.PubliusVergiliusMaro(ClassicalLatin:[?pu?.bl?.?sw?r?ɡ?.l?.?s?ma.ro?];traditionaldatesOctober15,70BC–September21,19BC),usuallycalledVirgilorVergil/?v??rd??l/inEnglish,wasanancientRomanpoetoftheAugustanperiod.HewrotethreeofthemostfamouspoemsinLatinliterature,theEclogues(orBucolics),theGeorgics,andtheepicAeneid.Anumberofminorpoems,collectedintheAppendixVergiliana,aresometimesattributedtohim.
4、31.Renaissance
5、43.RenéDescartes
6、45.Baroque
7、54.CountLevNikolayevichTolstoy
8、50.JohannSebastianBach
9、33.AlbrechtDürer
10、59.AntoninDvorak
11、23.TheMiddleAges
12、53.LudwigvanBeethoven
13、30.LeonardodaVinci
14、32.Reformation
15、41.FrancisBacon
16、17.Archimedes
17、19.Romanlaw
18、38.NicolausCopernicus
19、58.Post-Impressionism
20、42.JohnMilton
21、40.SirIsaacNewton
22、15.Cubism
23、47.<em>TheSpiritoftheLaws</em>
24、24.Feudalism
25、48.JohannWolfgangvonGoethe
26、14.Fauvism
27、60.Modernism
28、22.Christianity
29、52.Romanticism
30、56.GeorgeEliot
31、35.WilliamShakespear
32、27.<em>TheDivineComedy</em>
33、39.GalileoGalilei
34、51.Classicalmusic
35、61.SigmundFreud
36、34.ChurchofEngland
37、21.OldTestament
38、36..ChristopherColumbus
39、16.Cynicism
40、37.NiccolòMachiavelli
41、28.Gothicarchitecture
42、46.Enlightenment
43、18.VenusdeMilo
44、55.HenriIbsen
45、25.TheChurchFathers
46、57.WaltWhitman
47、44.Molière
48、13.BlackHumour.
49、49.ImmanuelKant
50、12.JohnLocke
51、7.WhatisBeowulf
52、3.WhatisNeoclassicism?
53、8.ExplaintheLostGeneration.
54、10.WhatisTheHumanComedy?
55、1.WhatisMarxism?
56、11.FrancescoPetrarch（彼特拉克）
57、4.WhowasAristotle?Andwhatarehisworks?
58、5.WhatisBaroqueArt?
59、2.WhatisDarwinism?
60、6.WhatisChurchofEngland?
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