华东16秋《科技英语》在线(适用于2016年12月份)
2016年秋季学期《科技英语》在线考试(适用于2016年12月份考试)一、单选题:【15道,总分:30分】
1.He believes in himself, ( )( ),?in my opinion,? is of great importance. (满分:2)
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. as
2.( ) twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. (满分:2)
A. Being bitten
B. Bitten
C. Having bitten
D. To be bitten
3.Parents should make their children realize that studying is happy but not ( ) them to do what they don’t like (满分:2)
A. make
B. compel
C. drive
D. enable
4.( ) is announced in the papers, a nation-wide sports meeting will be held in the city next month. (满分:2)
A. Because
B. For
C. As
D. So
5.The employees’ wage rise and the wage of senior managerial personnel are decided by the ( ) of directors of the enterprise through discussions (满分:2)
A. board
B. abroad
C. boast
D. bold
6.Every country tries to maintain a(n) ( ) balance of trade, which assures it of the means to buy necessary imports (满分:2)
A. organic
B. marine
C. compound
D. favorable
7.Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained ( ) into account before starting a new project. (满分:2)
A. be taken
B. had to be taken
C. would be taken
D. have to be taken
8.Her brother ( ) to leave her in the dark room alone when she disobeyed his order (满分:2)
A. declared
B. threatened
C. warned
D. exclaimed
9.Tom's father, as well as his mother, ( ) in New York for a few days more. (满分:2)
A. ask him to stay
B. asks him to stay
C. ask he should stay
D. asks he should stay
10.The police are trying to find out the ( ) of the woman killed in the traffic accident (满分:2)
A. evidence
B. recognition
C. status
D. identity
11.When he applied for a ( ) in the office of the local newspaper he was told to see the manager. (满分:2)
A. position
B. location
C. profession
D. career
12.When Bob and his friends came, we( )our supper then. (满分:2)
A. had
B. were having
C. have
D. are having
13.Over 30 years, he devoted himself to ( ) the collections of the Summer Palace and to the research of their crafts. (满分:2)
A. identifying
B. simplifying
C. clarifying
D. classifying
14.It seemed as though nothing could stop the ship from wrecking itself on the shore, where leaking fuel or an escape of Norway rats could ( ) an ecological catastrophe(灾难) for wildlife. (满分:2)
A. release
B. blunt
C. trigger
D. boost
15.If individuals are awakened each time as they began a dream phase of sleep, they are likely to become irritable even if their total amount of sleep has been ( ) (满分:2)
A. efficient
B. sufficient
C. deficient
D. proficient
二、阅读理解:【2道,总分:20分】
1. The current energy security system was created in response to the 1973 Arab oil embargo to ensure coordination among the industrialized countries in the event of a disruption in supply, encourage collaboration on energy policies, and deter any future use of an “oil weapon” by exporters. Its key elements are the Paris-based International Energy Agency(IEA), whose members are the industrialized countries; strategic stockpiles of oil, including the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserves; continued monitoring and analysis of energy markets and policies; and energy conservation and coordinated emergency sharing of supplies in the event of a disruption. The emergency system was set up to offset major disruptions that threatened the global economy and stability, not to manage prices and the commodity cycle. Since the system's inception in the 1970s, a coordinated emergency drawdown of strategic stockpiles has occurred only twice: on the eve of the Gulf War in 1991 and in the autumn of 2005 after Hurricane Katrina. Experience has shown that to maintain energy security countries must abide by several principles. The first and most familiar is what Churchill urged more than 90 years ago: diversification of supply. Multiplying one's supply sources reduces the impact of a disruption in supply from one source by providing alternatives, serving the interests of both consumers and producers, for whom stable markets are a prime concern. But diversification is not enough. A second principle is resilience, a “security margin” in the energy supply system that provides a buffer against shocks and facilitates recovery after disruptions. Resilience can come from many factors, including sufficient spare production capacity, strategic reserves, backup supplies of equipment, adequate storage capacity along the supply chain, and the stockpiling of critical parts for electric power production and distribution, as well as carefully conceived plans for responding to disruptions that may affect large regions. Hence the third principle: recognizing the reality of integration. There is only one oil market, a complex and worldwide system that moves and consumes about 86 million barrels of oil every day. For all consumers, security resides in the stability of this market. Secession is not an option.A fourth principle is the importance of information. High-quality information underpins well-functioning markets. On an international level, the IEA has led the way in improving the flow of information about world markets and energy prospects. That work is being complemented by the new International Energy Forum, which will seek to integrate information from producers and consumers. Information is no less crucial in a crisis, when consumer panics can be instigated by a mixture of actual disruptions, rumors, and fear. In such situations, governments and the private sector should collaborate to counter panics with high-quality, timely information.As important as these principles are, the past several years have highlighted the need to expand the concept of energy security in two critical dimensions: the recognition of globalization of the energy security system, which can be achieved especially by engaging China and India, and the acknowledgement of the fact that the entire energy supply chain needs to be protected. (满分:)
1).?The energy security system was established for the following long-term purpose EXCEPT ( ).
A. protecting profits of industrialized countries during Arab oil embargo
B. making effective coordination among those industrialized countries
C. promoting cooperation in making policies about energy
D. preventing oil exporters from using oil as a weapon against other countries
2).?Which of the following statements about International Energy Agency is NOT true?
A. Its headquarter is located in Paris.
B. Its members include developed and developing countries.
C. It monitors and analyzes the energy market and policies.
D. It makes great efforts to save energy and deal with oil disruption.
3).?The first and foremost thing that both consumers and producers are concerned about is ( ).
A. various supply sources
B. stable energy markets
C. the largest profits
D. reasonable prices
4).?Integration, the third principle to maintain energy security, means to ( ).
A. recognize the reality of energy shortage
B. guarantee the stability of energy market
C. realize the unity of the worldwide market
D. protect one's independent interests
5).?The main purpose of this passage is to ( ).
A. convince readers that energy security is important
B. introduce the major energy organizations of U.S.
C. inform readers what the energy security system is like
D. present principles for ensuring energy security
三、阅读理解:【2道,总分:20分】
1. The current energy security system was created in response to the 1973 Arab oil embargo to ensure coordination among the industrialized countries in the event of a disruption in supply, encourage collaboration on energy policies, and deter any future use of an “oil weapon” by exporters. Its key elements are the Paris-based International Energy Agency(IEA), whose members are the industrialized countries; strategic stockpiles of oil, including the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserves; continued monitoring and analysis of energy markets and policies; and energy conservation and coordinated emergency sharing of supplies in the event of a disruption. The emergency system was set up to offset major disruptions that threatened the global economy and stability, not to manage prices and the commodity cycle. Since the system's inception in the 1970s, a coordinated emergency drawdown of strategic stockpiles has occurred only twice: on the eve of the Gulf War in 1991 and in the autumn of 2005 after Hurricane Katrina. Experience has shown that to maintain energy security countries must abide by several principles. The first and most familiar is what Churchill urged more than 90 years ago: diversification of supply. Multiplying one's supply sources reduces the impact of a disruption in supply from one source by providing alternatives, serving the interests of both consumers and producers, for whom stable markets are a prime concern. But diversification is not enough. A second principle is resilience, a “security margin” in the energy supply system that provides a buffer against shocks and facilitates recovery after disruptions. Resilience can come from many factors, including sufficient spare production capacity, strategic reserves, backup supplies of equipment, adequate storage capacity along the supply chain, and the stockpiling of critical parts for electric power production and distribution, as well as carefully conceived plans for responding to disruptions that may affect large regions. Hence the third principle: recognizing the reality of integration. There is only one oil market, a complex and worldwide system that moves and consumes about 86 million barrels of oil every day. For all consumers, security resides in the stability of this market. Secession is not an option.A fourth principle is the importance of information. High-quality information underpins well-functioning markets. On an international level, the IEA has led the way in improving the flow of information about world markets and energy prospects. That work is being complemented by the new International Energy Forum, which will seek to integrate information from producers and consumers. Information is no less crucial in a crisis, when consumer panics can be instigated by a mixture of actual disruptions, rumors, and fear. In such situations, governments and the private sector should collaborate to counter panics with high-quality, timely information.As important as these principles are, the past several years have highlighted the need to expand the concept of energy security in two critical dimensions: the recognition of globalization of the energy security system, which can be achieved especially by engaging China and India, and the acknowledgement of the fact that the entire energy supply chain needs to be protected. (满分:)
1).?The energy security system was established for the following long-term purpose EXCEPT ( ).
A. protecting profits of industrialized countries during Arab oil embargo
B. making effective coordination among those industrialized countries
C. promoting cooperation in making policies about energy
D. preventing oil exporters from using oil as a weapon against other countries
2).?Which of the following statements about International Energy Agency is NOT true?
A. Its headquarter is located in Paris.
B. Its members include developed and developing countries.
C. It monitors and analyzes the energy market and policies.
D. It makes great efforts to save energy and deal with oil disruption.
3).?The first and foremost thing that both consumers and producers are concerned about is ( ).
A. various supply sources
B. stable energy markets
C. the largest profits
D. reasonable prices
4).?Integration, the third principle to maintain energy security, means to ( ).
A. recognize the reality of energy shortage
B. guarantee the stability of energy market
C. realize the unity of the worldwide market
D. protect one's independent interests
5).?The main purpose of this passage is to ( ).
A. convince readers that energy security is important
B. introduce the major energy organizations of U.S.
C. inform readers what the energy security system is like
D. present principles for ensuring energy security
四、完型填空:【1道,总分:30分】
1. A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide — the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor. And that (1)does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less (2) then, however, were the new, positive (3) that work against the digital divide. (4) , there are reasons to be (5) . There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more (6) , it is in the interest of business to universalize access—after all, the more people online, the more potential (7) there are. More and more (8) , afraid their countries will be left (9) , want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be (10) together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will (11) rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for (12) world poverty that we've ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to (13) poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has (14) potential. To (15) advantage of this tool, some poor countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices(16) respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is a/an (17) of their sovereignty（主权）might well study the history of infrastructure(the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States (18) its industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is (19) America's Second Wave infrastructure—(20) roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on—were built with foreign investment. (满分:)
1).?
A. divide
B. information
C. world
D. lecture
2).?
A. unclear
B. visible
C. invisible
D. distinct
3).?
A. forces
B. obstacles
C. events
D. surprises
4).?
A. Seriously
B. Entirely
C. Actually
D. Continuously
5).?
A. negative
B. optimistic
C. pleasant
D. disappointed
6).?
A. developed
B. centralized
C. realized
D. commercialized
7).?
A. users
B. producers
C. customers
D. citizens
8).?
A. enterprises
B. governments
C. officials
D. customers
9).?
A. away
B. for
C. aside
D. behind
10).?
A. netted
B. worked
C. put
D. organized
11).?
A. decrease
B. narrow
C. neglect
D. low
12).?
A. containing
B. preventing
C. keeping
D. combating
13).?
A. win
B. beat
C. defeat
D. fear
14).?
A. enormous
B. endless
C. numerical
D. numbered
15).?
A. bring
B. keep
C. hold
D. take
16).?
A. at
B. with
C. of
D. for
17).?
A. infection
B. investment
C. invasion
D. insult
18).?
A. invented
B. guided
C. built
D. erected
19).?
A. why
B. where
C. when
D. how
20).?
A. concerning
B. concluding
C. according
D. including
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