中国石油大学(华东)13秋《科技英语》补考在线大作业答案
中国石油大学(华东)2013年春季学期《科技英语》补考在线考试(适用于2013年10月份考试)试卷总分：100 测试时间：--
单选题 阅读理解 简答题 完型填空 主观填空题 简答题 论述题
一、单选题（共 15 道试题，共 15 分。）V 1.We must put the ______ side of the policy
into consideration to avoid possible mistakes.A. converse
B. reverse
C. reserve
D. revise
满分：1分
2.The child ______ his parents quarrelling and he was frightened.A.
overheard
B. virtualized
C. scratched
D. oversaw
满分：1分
3.You are legally ______ to take faulty goods back to the store where
you bought them.A. devoted
B. entitled
C. accessed
D. contributed
满分：1分
4.Alice trusts you.Only you can （ ） her to give up the foolish ideaA.
suggest
B. attract
C. tempt
D. persuade
满分：1分
5.______ is no reason for discharging her.A. Because she was a few
minutes late
B. Owing to a few minutes being late
C. The fact that she was a few minutes late
D. To be a few minutes late
满分：1分
6.（ ） has recently been done to provide more buses for the people, a
shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problemA. That
B. What
C. In spite of what
D. Though what
满分：1分
7.One of the guards _______ when the general came in, which made him
very angry.A. had slept
B. has slept
C. slept
D. was sleeping
满分：1分
8.（ ） for your laziness, you could have finished the work by nowA. If
not had been it
B. Hadn’t been it
C. Had it not been
D. If it had been
满分：1分
9.I suppose you couldn't let me borrow your car this evening, _____?A.
couldn't you
B. don't you
C. could you
D. will you
满分：1分
10.Whether it is desirable or not ______ the importance of avoiding
rejects versus the importance of avoiding cost increasesA. relates to
B. consists of
C. engages in
D. depends on
满分：1分
11.Her brother ______ to leave her in the dark room alone when she
disobeyed his orderA. declared
B. threatened
C. warned
D. exclaimed
满分：1分
12.Up to 22 people were killed and 187 others injured in a suicide bomb
attack which ______ a demonstration in a northern Iraqi city.A.
transported
B. targeted
C. yielded
D. aimed
满分：1分
13.In his book the author explains in details the ten most important （ ）
of economics and illustrates their application in some fieldsA. primary
B. principles
C. proposal
D. procedures
满分：1分
14.When climbing the hill, John was knocked unconscious by an ______
rolling stoneA. untouched
B. unfamiliar
C. unexpected
D. unbelievable
满分：1分
15.There seems to be something wrong with the computer but we hope to （
） it right before too longA. correct
B. put
C. sort
D. cope
2013年春季学期《科技英语》补考在线考试(适用于2013年10月份考试)
试卷总分：100 测试时间：--
单选题 阅读理解 简答题 完型填空 主观填空题 简答题 论述题
二、阅读理解（共 2 道试题，共 20 分。）V 1.
People can be addicted to different things ─ e.g., alcohol, drugs,
certain foods, or even television. People who have such an addiction are
compulsive, i.e., they have a very powerful psychological need that they
feel they must satisfy. According to psychologists, many people are
compulsive spenders; They feel that they must spend money. This
compulsion, like most others, is irrational ─ impossible to explain
reasonably. For compulsive spenders who buy on credit, charge accounts are
even more exciting than money. In other words, compulsive spenders feel
that with credit, they can do anything. Their pleasure in spending
enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from
the things they buy.
There is even a special psychology of bargain-hunting. To save money,
of course, most people look for sales, low prices, and discounts.
Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things that they don’t need
just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping
their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game; when they can
buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winning.
Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior: a good
reason for the things that they do and the real reason.
It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of
spending habits, but also business people. Stores, companies, and
advertisers use psychology to increase business. They consider people’s
needs for love, power, or influence, their basic values, their beliefs and
opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods.
Psychologists often use a method called “behavior therapy” to help
individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can
help people who feel that they have problems with money.1). According to
the psychologists a compulsive spender is one who spends large amounts of
money （ ） .
A. and takes great pleasure from what he or she buys
B. in order to satisfy his or her basic needs in life
C. just to meet his or her strong psychological need
D. entirely with an irrational eagerness
满分：2分
2). According to the writer, compulsive bargain hunters are in constant
search of the lowest possible prices （） .
A. because they want to save money to help their budgets
B. because they can openly boast of their triumph over others in getting
things for less
C. and will not have money problems if they can keep to their budgets
D. but they seldom admit they feel satisfied if they can get things for
less than others
满分：2分
3). Which of the following is TRUE?
A. All people spend money for exactly the same reason that they need to
buy things.
B.
Business people and advertisers can use the psychology of money to
increase salesC. Business people understand the psychology of compulsive
buying better than scientists do
D. compulsive bargain hunters do not have problems with money.
满分：2分
4). The article is mainly about（）.
A. the psychology of money – spending habits
B. the purchasing habits of compulsive spenders
C. a special psychology of bargain hunting
D. the use of the psychology of spending habits in business
满分：2分
5). From the passage we may safely conclude that compulsive spenders or
compulsive bargain hunters（）
A. are really unreasonable
B. need special treatment
C. are really beyond remedies
D. can never get any help to solve their problems with money
满分：2分
2.
In order to talk about the nature of the universe and to discuss
questions such as whether it has a beginning or an end, you have to be
clear about what a scientific theory is. I shall take the simple-minded
view that a theory is just a model of the universe, or a restricted part
of it, and a set of rules that relate quantities in the model to
observations that we make.It exists only in our minds and does not have
any other reality. A theory is a good theory if it satisfies two
requirements. It must accurately describe a large class of observations on
the basis of a model that contains only a few arbitrary elements, and it
must make definite predictions about the results of future
observations.For example, Aristotle’s theory that everything was made out
of four elements, earth, air, fire, and water, was simple enough to
qualify, but it did not make any definite predictions. On the other hand,
Newton’s theory of gravity was based on an even simpler model, in which
bodies attracted each other with a force that was proportional to a
quantity called their mass and inversely proportional to the square of the
distance between them. Yet it predicts the motion of the sun, the moon,
and the planets to a high degree of accuracy.
Any physical theory is always provisional, in the sense that it is
only a hypothesis: you can never prove it. No matter how many times the
results of experiments agree with some theory, you can never be sure that
the next time the result will not contradict the theory. On the other
hand, you can disprove a theory by finding even a single observation that
disagrees with the predictions of the theory. In practice, what often
happens is that a new theory that is devised is really an extension of the
previous theory.
The eventual goal of science is to provide a single theory that
describes the whole universe. However, the approach most scientists
actually follow is to separate the problem into two parts. First, there
are the laws that tell us how the universe changes with time. If we know
what the universe is like at any one time, these physical laws tell us how
it will look at any later time. Second, there is the question of the
initial state of the universe. Some people feel that science should be
concerned with only the first part; they regard the question of the
initial situation as a matter for religion. They would say that God could
have started the universe off any way he wanted. That may be so, but in
that case he also could have made it develop in a completely arbitrary
way. Yet it appears that he chose to make it evolve in a very regular way
according to certain laws. It therefore seems equally reasonable to
suppose that there are also laws governing the initial state.
It turns out to be very difficult to devise a theory to describe
the universe all in one go. Instead, we break the problem up into bits and
invent a number of partial theories. Each of these partial theories
describes and predicts a certain limited class of observations, neglecting
the effects of other quantities, or representing them by simple sets of
numbers. It may be that this approach is completely wrong. If everything
in the universe depends on everything else in a fundamental way, it might
be impossible to get close to a full solution by investigating parts of
the problem in isolation. Nevertheless, it is certainly the way that we
have made progress in the past. The classical example is the Newtonian
theory of gravity, which tells us that the gravitational force between two
bodies depends only on one number associated with each body, its mass, but
is otherwise independent of what the bodies are made of. Thus one does not
need to have a theory of the structure and constitution of the sun and the
planets in order to calculate their orbits.
Today scientists describe the universe on terms of two basic partial
theories — the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. They
are the great intellectual achievements of the first half of this century.
The general theory of relativity describes the force of gravity and the
large-scale structure of the universe. Quantum mechanics, on the other
hand, deals with phenomena on extremely small scales, such as a millionth
of a millionth of an inch. Unfortunately, however, these two theories are
known to be inconsistent with each other — they cannot both be correct.
One of the major endeavors in physics today, is the search for a new
theory that will incorporate them both — a quantum theory of gravity. We
do not yet have such a new theory, and we may still be a long way from
having one, but we do already know many of the properties that it must
have.
1). According to the author, a theory is all of the following EXCEPT for
______.
A. a model of the universe
B. a restricted part of the universe
C. a set of rules
D.a reality
满分：2分
2). The difference between Aristotle’s theory and Newton’s theory is
______.
A. Aristotle’s theory can describe a large class of observations, while
Newton’s cannot.
B. Newton’s theory can describe a large class of observations, while
Aristotle’s cannot.
C. Aristotle’s theory can make a definite prediction of the future
observations, while Newton’s cannot.
D. Newton’s theory can make a definite prediction of the future
observations, while Aristotle’s cannot.
满分：2分
3). The approach adopted by most scientists to devise a theory to describe
the universe is _________.
A. to break the problem up into bits and invent a number of partial
theories
B. to invent one theory to describe the whole universe
C. to combine general theory of relativity with quantum mechanics
D. to study the origin of the universe
满分：2分
4). It is described in Newton’s theory of gravity that bodies attracted
each other with a force which is ______.
A.inversely proportional to their mass
B. inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
C. proportional to the square of the distance between them
D. proportional to the constitution of them
满分：2分
5). According the passage, the great intellectual achievements of the
first half of the 20th century are ______.
A. Newton’s theory of gravity and the general theory of relativity
B. Newton’s theory of gravity and quantum mechanics
C. the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics
D. the general theory of relativity and the quantum theory of gravity
满分：2分
2013年春季学期《科技英语》补考在线考试(适用于2013年10月份考试)
试卷总分：100 测试时间：--
单选题 阅读理解 简答题 完型填空 主观填空题 简答题 论述题
三、简答题（共 5 道试题，共 15 分。）V 1.Planning involves setting the firm’s
objectives over a period of time and deciding on methods to achieve these
objectives.
满分：3分2.There has been some concern that the larger denomination
notes — a 500 note is worth approximately 315 at the current exchange rate
— will be rich pickings for counterfeiters, especially in the early days
as people get used to the new currency.
满分：3分3.But genetically modified, virus-resistant crops can
reduce that damage, as can drought-tolerant seeds in regions where water
shortages limit the amount of land under cultivation.
满分：3分4.那位新的候选人决定参加竞选时，竞争对手们的竞选活动均已达到高潮。(in full swing )
满分：3分5.他所提的改进意见对我们很有价值。(carry weight with)
2013年春季学期《科技英语》补考在线考试(适用于2013年10月份考试)
试卷总分：100 测试时间：--
单选题 阅读理解 简答题 完型填空 主观填空题 简答题 论述题
四、完型填空（共 1 道试题，共 10 分。）V 1.
If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some
basic strengths and weaknesses. Success or (1) in your work would (2) , to
a great extent, (3)your ability to use your strengths and weaknesses to
the best(4) . Of the utmost importance is your attitude. A person(5)
begins a job, being convinced that he isn’t going to like it or(6)
that he is going to fail, is exhibiting a weakness which can only
hinder（阻碍） his success. On the other hand, a person who is secure in his
(7)that he is probably as capable(8)doing the work as anyone else
and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt(9) it possesses a
certain strength of purpose. The chances are that he will do well.
(10)the prerequisite （必须的） skills for a particular job is strength.
Lacking those skills is obviously a weakness. A bookkeeper who can’t add
or a carpenter who can’t cut a straight line with a saw(11)hopeless
cases.
This book has been designed to help you capitalize(12)the strength
and(13)the weakness that you bring to the job of learning. But in
group to measure your development, you must first(14)stock of where
you stand now.(15)we get further along in the book, we’ll be (16)in
some detail with specific processes for developing and strengthening(17)
skills. However,(18)begin with, you should(19)to examine your
present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to your
success or failure in school: your (20) , your reading and communication
skills, and your study habits.1).
A. improvement
B. victory
C. failure
D. achievement
满分：0.5分
2).
A. depend
B. present
C. separate
D. interact
满分：0.5分
3).
A. in
B. on
C. of
D. to
满分：0.5分
4).
A. excess
B. advantage
C. necessity
D. productivity
满分：0.5分
5).
A. who
B. what
C. that
D. which
满分：0.5分
6).
A. ensure
B. assure
C. sure
D. surely
满分：0.5分
7).
A. version
B. balance
C. pattern
D. belief
满分：0.5分
8).
A. to
B. at
C. of
D. for
满分：0.5分
9).
A. near
B. on
C. by
D. at
满分：0.5分
10).
A. Have
B. Had
C. Having
D. Had been
满分：0.5分
11).
A. being
B. been
C. are
D. is
满分：0.5分
12).
A. except
B. but
C. for
D. on
满分：0.5分
13).
A. overhear
B. overcome
C. overtake
D. overlook
满分：0.5分
14).
A. make
B. take
C. do
D. give
满分：0.5分
15).
A. As
B. Till
C. Over
D. Out
满分：0.5分
16).
A. treated
B. treating
C. dealt
D. dealing
满分：0.5分
17).
A. learnt
B. learned
C. learning
D. learn
满分：0.5分
18).
A. around
B. to
C. from
D. beside
满分：0.5分
19).
A. pause
B. tend
C. afford
D. devote
满分：0.5分
20).
A. strength
B. status
C. attitude
D. weakness
2013年春季学期《科技英语》补考在线考试(适用于2013年10月份考试)
试卷总分：100 测试时间：--
单选题 阅读理解 简答题 完型填空 主观填空题 简答题 论述题
五、主观填空题（共 10 道试题，共 20 分。）V 1.
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
(convert) to gas central heating will save you a lot of money.
试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、满分：2 分
2.
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
The federal government appealed for(restrain), insisting that the crisis
could be resolved without the use of force.
试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、满分：2 分
3.
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
(depression) people may be just especially in need of the intimacy, the
emotional closeness and the social support that marriage can provide.
试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、满分：2 分
4.
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide, political,
economic and cultural(transform).
试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、满分：2 分
5.
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
Scientists claim to have i(识别) chemicals produced by certain plants which
have powerful cancer-combating properties.
试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、满分：2 分
6.
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
Compass is a device used to determine geographic direction and usually
consists of a magnetic needle orneedles h(水平地) mounted or suspended.
试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、满分：2 分
7.
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
If an employee wants to r(辞职), he should notify the employer ahead of time
through the enterprise trade union.
试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、满分：2 分
8.
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
To i(植入) living tissue means to put surgically into a bodily part to
replace a damaged part or compensate for a defect.
试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、满分：2 分
9.
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
More aid should be given to the needy families in those i(穷困的) villages,
instead of wasting huge sums of money on tax-cuts for the rich.
试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、满分：2 分
10.
根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词
Many experts gave opinions at the meeting, but u(最终地) the decision lay
with the president before it was released to the public.
试题满分：2 分
第 1 空、满分：2 分
2013年春季学期《科技英语》补考在线考试(适用于2013年10月份考试)
试卷总分：100 测试时间：--
单选题 阅读理解 简答题 完型填空 主观填空题 简答题 论述题
六、简答题（共 5 道试题，共 15 分。）V 1.问答题 （根据课本内容回答问题）： What are the basic concepts
relating to the direction function?
满分：3分2.问答题 （根据课本内容回答问题）： How should a labor dispute be solved in
joint ventures?
满分：3分3.问答题 （根据课本内容回答问题）： As a natural science, what does Geology
study?
满分：3分4.问答题 （根据课本内容回答问题）： What cause global warming, can you list
some factors?
满分：3分5.问答题 （根据课本内容回答问题）：What are the principles by which
countries must abide to maintain energy security ?
2013年春季学期《科技英语》补考在线考试(适用于2013年10月份考试)
试卷总分：100 测试时间：--
单选题 阅读理解 简答题 完型填空 主观填空题 简答题 论述题
七、论述题（共 1 道试题，共 5 分。）V 1.论述题 （根据课本内容论述本题）：How do you think biotechnology
will influence our society?
满分：5分
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