大工13春《大学英语4》辅导资料七
大工13春《大学英语4》辅导资料七主 题：对Unit 5的语法点——动名词的讲解
学习时间：2013年5月13日－5月19日
内 容：
动名词可以起名词的作用，在句子中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。动名词仍保留动词的一般特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语，构成动名词短语。动名词的否定形式是在前面加上not, never等否定词。
1. 作主语和表语。
动名词短语用and连起来作主语时，谓语用复数形式。
例如：
Fishing in this lake is forbidden. 这个湖里禁止钓鱼。
Going abroad for a visit and settling down abroad are two different things. 出国访问和在国外定居是两件不同的事情。
It seems that reading English is easier than speaking it. 似乎读英语比说英语容易。
My favorite hobby is fishing/collecting stamps. 我最喜欢的爱好是钓鱼/集邮。
在It’s no use; It’s (no) good; It’s (not) wise; It’s (not) worthwhile等习惯表达中，It为形式主语，而将作主语的动名词短语放在后面。
例如：
It’s no use /good ringing her up now. 现在给她打电话没用了。
Is it worthwhile bargaining two hours four two cents? 为两分钱讲价两小时值得吗？
It’s wise trying again. 再试一次是明智的。
2. 动名词短语作宾语。
常用的能接动名词的动词有：admit承认，appreciate感激，avoid避免，advise 建议，can’t help不禁，celebrate 庆祝，consider 考虑，complete 完成， contemplate沉思、打算，defer推迟，delay延期，deny否认，dislike不喜欢，endure 忍耐，enjoy喜欢，escape逃脱，excuse原谅，fancy想象，feel like想要，finish结束， forgive原谅，imagine想象，keep保持，mention提到，mind 介意，miss 错过，pardon 饶恕、原谅，permit允许，postpone 推迟，practice实践、练习，prevent 阻止，recall回忆，resist抵制、阻止，risk冒险，stop 停止，suggest 建议，understand 明白、理解，等等。
例如：
He avoided giving me a definite answer. 他避免给我一个正确答案。
David suggested selling your dog and car to pay the debt. 戴维建议卖掉你的狗和车抵债。（我们把这句话改为虚拟语气：David suggested that you (should) sell your dog and car to pay the debt. 或David suggested that your dog and car (should) be sold to pay the debt.）
I couldn’t risk missing that train. 我可不敢冒险误了那趟火车。
下列动词既可用动词不定式又可用动名词作宾语
attempt 试图，begin 开始，cease停止，continue，继续，decline 拒绝，forget忘记，hate 痛恨，learn学，like 喜欢，love喜欢，mean意思是、意味着，need需要，prefer更喜欢，regret后悔，remember记得，start开始，try尝试、努力。
[注] 一些动词后接动词不定式和动名词时，意思不一样。如：
1) remember:remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做)
remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don’t you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
2) forget:forget to do 忘记要去做某事 (未做)
forget doing 忘记做过某事 (已做)
I forgot to take aspirin this morning. 我上午忘了吃阿斯匹林了（但现在想起来了）。
I forgot taking aspirin and took it again a few minutes ago. 我忘了吃过阿司匹林，几分钟以前又吃了一次。
3) regret:regret to do 对要做的事表示遗憾 (未做)
regret doing 对做过的事表示遗憾、后悔 (已做)
I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。
I don’t regret telling her what I thought.我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。
4) stop:stop to do 停止做某事后去做另一件事
stop doing 停止做某事
They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来，抽了根烟。
I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟了。
5) mean:mean to do 打算、想
mean doing 意味着
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 增加工资意味着增加购买力。
3. 动名词短语作介词宾语的时候最多。尤其是在短语动词后面。如：
The children are fond of listening to pop music. 孩子们喜欢流行音乐。
Are you interested in going to the show?你有兴趣去看演出吗？
Thomas insisted on doing it in his own way.托马斯坚持按他自己的方法做这件事。我们把这句话改为虚拟语气：Thomas insisted that he (should) do it in his own way.
Excuse me for interrupting you.请原谅我打扰你，
Since returning from Xi’an, he has been busy.从西安回来后，他一直很忙。
He warned me against swimming in this lake.他警告我不要在这个湖里游泳。改为不定式短语：He warned me not to swim in this lake.
4. 动名词也可以有自己的逻辑主语，就是在动名词短语前面加上物主代词或名词的所有格。带逻辑主语的动名词短语可作主语，宾语，表语等。在非正式文体当中，经常把物主代词简化为宾格人称代词，把名词所有格简化为名词。例如：
I insisted on his (him) going to the cinema with me. 我坚持要他和我一起去看电影。
I can hardly imagine Peter (Peter’s) sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.我简直不能想象彼得会在五天内横渡大西洋。
Linda’s coming will do you good. （主语）林达的到来对你有好处。
What made him angry was their (them) laughing.（表语）使他生气的是他们笑。
5. 动名词的完成式和被动语态：
(1) 完成式表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前
I apologize for having broken my promise.我没有遵守诺言，我道歉。
I don’t remember having talked with him before. 我不记得以前曾和他谈过话。
(2) 当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作的对象或承受者时，动名词要用被动语态。
I could no longer stand being treated like that. 我再也不能忍受被那样对待。
She was proud of having been trained in the U.K. 在英国受过训，她感到自豪。
统考例题讲解（重点掌握）
1. I ________ an interesting news item in yesterday’s Times.
A. came across B. came up C. came to D. came over
解析：come across意为“偶然发现”；come up意为“被提到；出现”；come to意为“总计；苏醒”；come over意为“过来，拜访”。原句的意思是：“我在昨天的《时报》上偶然发现了一条有趣的新闻”。所以答案为A。
2. I was stunned by the news, and my initial ________ was anger.
A. impression B. reaction C. comment D. other
解析：impression意为“印象”；reaction意为“反应”；comment意为“评论”；other意为“其它”。原句的意思是“我被这条新闻震惊了，我第一反应就是愤怒”。所以答案为B。
3. We are interested in the weather because it ________ us so directly – What we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.
A. benefits B. affects C. guides D. effects
解析：benefit意为“对……有益”；affect意为“影响”；guide意为“引导”；effect意为“使……发生”。根据题意选择B。
4. That probably explains why public opinion is broadly ________ euthanasia(安乐死).
A. in relation to B. in contrast to
C. in excess of D. in favor of
解析：in relation to意为“关于”；in contrast to意为“和……对比”；in excess of意为“超过”；in favor of意为“赞成、支持”。根据题意选择D。
5. If only he ________ what I tell him, but he won’t.
A. had done B.would do C. would have done D. has done
解析：本题考查虚拟语气用法。if only意为“但愿，要是……就好了”，由if only引导的句子谓语动词需用虚拟语气。如果表示现在的愿望，用would/could + do。如果表示与过去事实相反的愿望，用would/could + have done。根据本题题干的后半部分可知句子表示的是与现在事实相反的愿望，原句的意思是“要是他能按照我告诉他的那样做就好了，但他不肯。”所以选择B。
练习题（重点练习）
1. He is not a child ________.
A. no more B. no longer C. any much D. any more
2. It is not always easy to tell the right ________ the wrong.
A. from B. with C. than D. to
3. Tom ________ more than twenty pounds on the novel.
A. spent B. paid C. cost D. took
4. We used to ________ that parents know more than their children. But it is not a1ways the case.
A. thought B. thinks C. think D. thinking
5. The audience ________ dressed in a variety of ways, some in suits and dresses, some in jeans.
A. is B. has C. are D. have
答案：1. D2. A3. A4. C5. C
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