东北农业大学13春《大学英语Ⅲ》作业题10(difficult)
东北农业大学《大学英语Ⅲ》作业题10(difficult)Part I Vocabulary and Structure
Directions:
There are 30 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET .
1. Once you get to know your mistakes, you should ____ them as soon as possible.
A) rectifyB) reclaim C) refrainD) reckon
2. Body paint or face is used mostly by men in pre-literate societies in order to attract good health or to ____ disease.
A) set asideB) ward off C) shrug offD) give away
3. He bought his house on the ____ plan, paying a certain amount of money each month.
A) division B) premiumC) installmentD) fluctuation
4. Many manufacturers were accused of concentrating too heavily on cost reduction, often at the ____ of the quality of their products.
A) expense B) exposure C) expansion D) expectation
5. His wife is constantly finding ____ with him, which makes him very angry.
A) errors B) shortcomings C) fault D) flaw
6. A 1994 World Bank report concluded that _____ girls in school was probably the single most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing would today.
A) involvingB) enrolling C) assigningD) admitting
7. We must look beyond ____ and assumptions and try to discover what is missing.
A) justifications B) illusions C) manifestations D) specifications
8. I suffered from mental ____ because of stress from my job.
A) damage B) release C) relief D) fatigue
9. The designer has applied for a ____ for his new invention.
A) tariff B) discount C) version D) patent
10. The police were alerted that the escaped criminal might be in the ____.
A) vain B) vicinity C) court D) jail
11. We should make a clear ____ between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion.
A) separationB) discrimination C) deviationD) distinction
12. Niagara Falls is a great tourist ____, drawing millions of visitors every year.
A) attentionB) attractionC) appointmentD) arrangement
13. Within two weeks of arrival, all foreigners had to ____ with the local police.
A) inquire B) register C) consult D) resolve
14. The leader of the expedition ____ everyone to follow his example.
A) promotedB) reinforcedC)sparkedD) inspired
15. These people once had fame and fortune; now ____ is left to them is utter poverty.
A) all thatB) all whatC) all which D) that all
16. Everyone should be ____ to a decent standard of living and an opportunity to be educated.
A) attributed B) entitled C) identified D) justified
17. The manager promised to keep me ____ of how our business was going on.
A) to be informedB) on informing C) informed D) informing
18. She was complaining that the doctor was _____ too much for the treatment he was giving her.
A) expending B) costing C) charging D) informing
19. The author was required to submit an_____ of about 200 words together with his research paper.
A) edition C) article B) editorial D) abstract
20. Which sport has the most expenses ____ training equipment, players’ personal equipment and uniforms?
A) in place of B) in terms of C) by means of D) by way of
21. His intelligence and experience will enable him to ____ the complicated situation.
A) cope with B) settle down C) intervene in D) interfere with
22. If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in the way of ____.
A) persuasion B) remedy C) encourage D) compromise
23. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is ____.
A) granted B) implied C) exaggerated D) remedied
24. She was so ____ in her job that she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door.
A) attracted B) absorbed C) drawn D) concentrated
25. Now the cheers and applause ____ in a single sustained roar.
A) mingled B) concentratedC) assembled D) permeated
26. I hate people who _____ the end of a film that you haven’t seen before.
A) reveal B) rewrite C) revise D) reverse
27. On weekend my grandpa usually ____ a glass of wine.
A) subscribes B) engages in C) hangs onD) indulges in
28. It is reported that Uruguay understands and_____China on human rights issues.
A) grants B) changesC) abandons D) backs
29. Radio, television and press ____ of conveying news as information.
A) are the most common three means B) are the most three common means
C) are the three most common means D) are three the most common means
30. In Britain, the best season of the year is probably ____ spring.
A) later B) last C) latter D)late
Part II Reading Comprehension
Direction:
There are four reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five question, for each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 1
InfraGard is a grass-roots effort to respond to the need for cooperation and collaboration in countering the threat of cyber crime and terrorism to private businesses and the government. By the end of September, there will be InfraGard chapters in all 50 sates, Calloway said. With advice from the FBI, each local chapter will be run by a board of directors that includes members of private industry, the academic community and public agencies. Banks, utilities, and other businesses and government agencies will use a secure Web site to share information about attempts to back into their computer networks. Members can join the system free. A key feature of the system is a two-pronged method of reporting attacks.
A “sanitized” description of a hacking attempt or other incident—one that doesn’t reveal the name or information about the victim—can be shared with other members to spot trends. Then a more detailed description also can be sent to the FBI’s computer crimes unit to interfere if there are grounds for an investigation. Cyber crime has jumped in recent years across the nation, particularly in hotbeds of financial commerce and technology like Charlotte. “Ten years ago, all you needed to protect yourself was a safe, a fence and security officers,” said Chris Swecker, who is in charge of the FBI’s Charlotte office. “Now any business with a modem is subject to attack.” FBI agents investigate computer hacking that disrupted popular Web sites including Amazon. com, CNN and Yahoo!
Several North Carolina victims have been identified this year. The investigation has also identifies computer systems in North Carolina used by hackers to commit such attacks. Prosecutions of hackers have been hampered by the reluctance of companies to report security intrusions for fear of bad publicity and lost business. Meanwhile, too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility. Jack Wiles, who will lead the local InfraGard chapter’s board, said a recent report estimated 97 percent of all cyber crime goes undetected. Wiles, a computer security expert, has a firewall on his personal computer to prevent hackers from getting into his files. “I get at least one report a day that somebody was trying to get into my computer,” he said, “the Net is a wonderful place, but it’s also a dangerous one.”
31. From the first paragraph, we know _____
A) InfraGard is a protective measure against cyber crime
B) InfraGard is a measure cooperation and collaboration
C) there will be 50 InfraGard chapters in all sites
D) private business and the government are now committing cyber crime
32. Each local chapter of InfraGard will be run by the following EXCEPT _____
A) academic communities C) FBI
B) public agencies D) private industry
33. By saying “too many corporations…speed and accessibility” (Lines 4~5, Para. 3), the author means ______
A) too many corporations take no notice of the security problem of computers
B) criminals are sacrificing security for speed and accessibility
C) it’s very easy to sacrifice security for speed and accessibility
D) many companies suffer from computer hacking because they value speed and accessibility more than security
34. All the following are reasons for the rise in cyber crime EXCEPT _____
A) victims won’t report intrusions by hackers
B) victims have no firewalls
C) the use of modem is increasing
D) companies don’t pay enough attention to security
35. It can be concluded from the passage that _____
A) not all hacking attempts are worthy of investigation
B) information of the victims is inaccessible
C) InfraGard chapters will be in effect by the end of September
D) Amazon.com was often disrupted by hacking
Passage 2
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creatures-learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective reward, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的) “drives” as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink of some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where on milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on”. A display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile and bubble” when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
36. According to the author, babies learn to do things which _____.
A) are directly related to pleasure B) will meet their physical needs
C) will bring them a feeling of success D) will satisfy their curiosity
37. Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby _____.
A) would make learned responses when it saw the milk
B) would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink
C) would continue the simple movements without being given milk
D) would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink
38. In Papousek’s experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to ______.
A) have the lights turned on B) be rewarded with milk
C) please their parents D) be praised
39. The babies would “smile and bubble” at the lights because ______.
A) the lights were directly related to some basic “drives” B) the sight of the lights was interesting
C) they need not turn back to watch the lights D) they succeeded in “switching on” the lights
40. According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of _____.
A) a basic human desire to understand and control the world B) the satisfaction of certain physiological needs
C) their strong desire to solve complex D) a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills
Passage 3
If women are mercilessly exploited (剥削) year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seem in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe (衣柜) packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.
Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.
No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability (耐用). They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn’t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.
When comparing men and men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.
41. Designers and big stores always make money _____.
A) by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry
B) because they are capable of predicting new fashions
C) by constantly changing the fashions in women’s clothing
D) because they attach great importance to quality in women’s clothing
42. To the writer, the fact that women alter their old-fashioned dresses is seen as _____ .
A) a waste of money
B) a waste of time
C) an expression of taste
D) an expression of creativity
43. The writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the ______ of clothing.
A) cost
B) appearance
C) comfort
D) suitability
44. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) New fashions in clothing are created for the commercial exploitation of women.
B) The constant changes in women’s clothing reflect their strength of character.
C) The fashion industry makes an important contribution to society.
D) Fashion designs should not be encouraged since they are only welcomed by women.
45. By saying “the conclusion to be drawn are obvious” (Para 4, Line 1-2), the writer means that _____.
A) women’s inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed at
B) women are better able to put up with discomfort
C) men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers
D) men are more reasonable in the matter of fashion
Passage 4
That “Monday morning feeling” could be a crushing pain in the chest which leaves you sweating and gasping for breath. Recent research from Germany and Italy shows that heart at- tacks are more common on Monday mornings and doctors blame the stress of returning to work after the weekend break.
The risk of having a heart attack on any given day should be one in seven, but a six-year study coordinated by researchers at the Free University of Berlin of more than 2,600 Germans revealed that the average person had a 20 per cent higher chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than on any other day.
Working Germans are particularly vulnerable (易受伤的), with a 33 per cent higher risk at the beginning of the working week. Non-workers, by comparison, appear to be no more at risk on a Monday than any other day. A study of 11,000 Italians identified 8 a. m. on a Monday morning as the most stressful time for the heart, and both studies showed that Sunday is the least stressful day, with fewer heart attacks in both countries.
The findings could lead to a better understanding of what triggers heart attacks, according to Dr Stefan Willich of the Free University. “We know a lot about long-term risk factors such as smoking and cholesterol(胆固醇) but we don’t know what actually triggers heart attacks, so we can’t make specific recommendations about how to prevent them,” he said. Monday mornings have a double helping of stress for the working body as it makes a rapid transition from sleep to activity, and from the relaxing weekend to the pressures of work.
“When people get up, their blood pressure and heart rate go up and there are hormonal (内分泌的) changes in their bodies,” Willich explained. “All these things can have an adverse effect in the blood system and increase the risk of a clot (凝块) in the arteries (动脉) which will cause a heart attack”.
“When people return to work after a weekend off, the pace of their life changes. They have a heavier workload, more stress, more anger and more physical activity,” said Willich. “We need to know how these events cause changes in the body before we can understand if they cause heart attacks.”
Willich is reluctant at this stage to make specific recommendations, but he suggests that anyone who suffers from heart disease should take it easy on Monday mornings and leave potentially stressful meetings until midweek. “People should try to create a pleasant working environment,’“ he added. “Maybe this risk applies only to those who see work as a burden, and people who enjoy their work are not so much at risk. We need to find out more.”
46. A person suffering from a heart attack may have the following symptoms (症状) EXCEPT
A) a feeling of being crushed
B) a severe pain in the chest
C) sweating
D) gasping for breath
47. What’s the possible reason for less risk of a heart attack on Mondays for German non-workers ?
A) They don’t get up on Mondays.
B) They do nothing on Mondays.
C) They have no rapid transition from relaxation to pressure.
D) Their Sundays and Mondays are both stressful.
48. What may trigger heart attacks, according to the passage?
A) Smoking.
B) Cholesterol.
C) Fatigue.
D) A clot in the arteries.
49. The scientists are quite clear __
A) how stress, anger and pressure cause changes in the body
B) what specific recommendations to make
C) why people enjoying work are not so much at risk
D) none of the above
50. People with heart disease should follow the following suggestions EXCEPT __
A) arranging important meetings to be held on Wednesdays B) doing nothing until Monday afternoon
C) seeing work as an enjoyment D) doing less work on Mondays
Part III Cloze
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper, you should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
More than forty thousand readers told us what they looked for in close friendships, what they expected _51__ friends, what they were willing to give in _52__, and how satisfied they were __53_ the quality of their friendships. The _54__ give little comfort to social critics.
Friendship __55_ to be a unique form of _56__ bonding. Unlike marriage or the ties that _57__ parents and children, it is not defined or regulated by _58__. Unlike other social roles that we are expected to _59__--- as citizens, employees, members of professional societies and _60__ organizations--- it has its own principle, which is to promote _61__ of warmth, true love, and affection _62__ two people.
The survey on friendship appeared in the March _63__ of Psychology. The findings _64__ that issues of trust and betrayal (背叛) are _65__ to friendship. They also suggest that our readers do not __66_ for friends only among those who are _67__ like them, but find many _68__ differ in race, religion, and ethnic (种族的) background. Arguably the most important _69__ that emerges from the data, _70__, is not something that we found--- but what we did not.
51. A) on B) of C) to D) for
52. A) addition B) reply C) turn D) return
53. A) about B) of C) with D) by
54. A) results B) effects C) expectations D) outcome
55. A) feels B) leads C) sounds D) appears
56. A) human B) mankind C) individual D) civil
57. A) bind B) attach C) control D) attract
58. A) discipline B) law C) rule D) regulation
59. A) keep B) do C) show D) play
60.A) all B) any C) other D) those
61.A) friendship B) interests C) feelings D) impressions
62.A) between B) on C) in D) for
63.A) print B) issue C) publication D) copy
64.A) secure B) assure C) confirm D) resolve
65.A) neutral B) main C) nuclear D) central
66.A) ask B) call C) appeal D) look
67.A) most B) more C) least D) less
68.A) people B) who C) what D) friends
69.A) conclusion B) summary C) decision D) claim
70.A) moreover B) however C) still D. yet
Part IV Writing
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the topic “Internet and Our Life” You must write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below. Remember to write clearly:
1 因特网使我们的生活进入了一个新时代；2 它深刻地影响着我们的生活；3 应该如何看待这一现象。
页:
[1]