东北农业大学13春《大学英语Ⅲ》作业题8(difficult)答案
东北农业大学13春《大学英语Ⅲ》作业题8(difficult)Part I Vocabulary and Structure
Directions:
There are 30 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET .
1. As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to ____ it.
A) postpone B) refuse C) delay D) cancel
2. Don’t let the child play with scissors ____ he cuts himself.
A) in case B) so that C) now thatD) only if
3. He hoped the firm would ____ him to the Paris branch.
A) exchange B) transmit C) transferD) remove
4. It took him several months to ____ the wild horse.
A) tend B) cultivate C) breed D) tame
5. Mr. Smith was the only witness who said that the fire was ____.
A) mature B) deliberate C) meaningfulD) innocent
6. However, at times this balance in nature is ____, resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects.
A) troubled B) disturbed C) confused D) puzzled
7. Although he had looked through all the reference material on the subject, he still found it hard to understand this point and her explanation only ____ to his confusion.
A) extended B) amounted C) added D) turned
8. He was such a ____ speaker that he held our attention every minute of the three-hour lecture.
A) specific B) dynamic C) heroic D) diplomatic
9. Tryon was extremely angry, but cool-headed enough to ____ storming into the boss’s office.
A) prevent B) prohibit C) turn D) avoid
10. When there are small children around, it is necessary to put bottles of pills out of ____.
A) reach B) hand C) hold D) place
11. The hopes, goals, fears and desires ____ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.
A) alter B) shift C) transfer D) vary
12. The town planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax ____.
A) efficiency B) revenues C) privileges D) validity
13. I didn’t ____ to take a taxi but I had to as I was late.
A) mean B) assume C) hope D) suppose
14. In the advanced course students must take performance tests at monthly ____.
A) gaps B) intervals C) length D) distance
15. That tree looked as if it ____ for a long time.
A) hasn’t watered B) didn’t water C) hadn’t been watered D) wasn’t watered
16. Is it advisable to ____ our body to the sunlight?
A) reveal B) display C) expose D) show
17. Everyone should keep a sense of responsibility ____ what he has done.
A) of B) for C) with D) to
18. The price of beer ____ fro 50 cents to $ 4 per liter during the summer season.
A) altered B) ranged C) separated D) differed
19. ____ energy under the earth must be released in one form or another, for example, an earthquake.
A) Accumulated B) Assembled C) Gathered D) Collected
20. This is the nurse who ____ to me when I was ill in hospital.
A) accompanied B) attended C) entertained D) shielded
21. We’d like to ____ a table for five for dinner this evening.
A) preserve B) retain C) reserve D)sustain
22. Only a few people have ____ to the full facts of the incident.
A) access B) resort C) contact D) path
23. The French pianist who had been praised very highly ____ to be a great disappointment.
A) turned up B) turned in C) turned out D) turned down
24. He made such a ____ contribution to the university that they are naming one of the new building after him.
A) genuine B) minimum C) modest D) generous
25. The weatherman broadcasts the ____ in temperature twice a day.
A) diversion B) variation C) variety D) modification
26. They are sure they have all the facts they need to ____ the existence of a black hole.
A) obtain B) maintain C) verify D) display
27. She ____ her sister in appearance but not in character.
A) looks B) compares C) resembles D) equals
28. She gave him back the money she’d stolen, for ____ sake.
A) consent’s B) conscience’s C) her D) conscious
29. While nuclear weapons present grave ____ dangers, the predominant crisis of overpopulation is with us today.
A) inevitable B) constant C) overwhelmingD) potential
30. With an eighty-hour-week and little enjoyment, life must have been very ____ for the nineteenth-century factory workers.
A) hostile B) anxious C) tedious D) obscure
Part II Reading Comprehension
Direction:
There are four reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five question, for each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 1
Suppose we built a robot (机器人) to explore the planet Mars. We provide the robot with seeing detectors to keep it away from danger. It is powered entirely by the sun. Should we program the robot to be equally active at all times? No. The robot would be using up energy at a time when it was not receiving any. So we would probably program it to cease its activity at night and to wake up at dawn the next morning.
According to the evolutionary (进化的) theory of sleep, evolution equipped us with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking for the same reason. The theory does not deny (否认) that sleep provides some important restorative functions. It merely says that evolution has programmed us to perform those functions at a time when activity would be inefficient and possibly dangerous. However, sleep protects us only from the sort of trouble we might walk into; it does not protect us from trouble that comes looking for us. So we sleep well when we are in familiar, safe place, but we sleep lightly, if at all, when we fear that bears will nose into the tent.
The evolutionary theory accounts well for differences in sleep among creatures. Why do cats, for instance, sleep so much, while horses sleep so little? Surely cats do not need five times as much repair and restoration as horses do. But cats can afford to have long periods of inactivity because they spend little time eating and are unlikely to be attacked while they sleep. Horses must spend almost all their waking hours eating, because what they eat is very low in energy value. Moreover, they cannot afford to sleep too long or too deeply, because their survival depends on their ability to run away from attackers.
31. The author uses the example of the robot in space exploration to tell us ______.
A) the differences between robots and men B) the reason why men need to sleep
C) about the need for robots to save power D) about the danger of men working at night
32. Evolution has programmed man to sleep at night chiefly to help him ______.
A) maintain a regular pattern of life B) prevent trouble that comes looking for him
C) avoid danger and inefficient labor D) restore his bodily functions
33. According to the author, we cannot sleep well when we _____.
A) are worrying about our safety B) are overworked
C) are in a tent D) are away from home
34. Cats sleep much more than horses do partly because cats _____.
A) need more time for restoration
B) are unlikely to be attackers
C) are more active than horses when they are awake
D) spend less time eating to get enough energy
35. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage? ______.
A) Evolution has equipped all creatures with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking.
B) The study of sleep is an important part of the evolutionary theory.
C) Sleeping patterns must be taken into consideration in the designing of robots.
D) The sleeping pattern of a living creature is determined by the food it eats.
Passage 2
The physicians in a hospital form the core of the medical staff. But they could not provide effective medical care to their patients without the help of numerous other medical employees. From the viewpoint of the patients, the nursing staff is particularly important. Nurses are usually in close contact with patients as long as they are in the hospital.
A nurse does not study for as many years as a doctor, however, each must be equally dedicated. Caring for sick persons requires a great deal of patience and concern. Most nurses work long days, and they often must work at odd hours or during the night.
Under the supervision of the head nurse, the nursing staff must provide nursing services on a 24-hour basis and attend to patients’ needs. This responsibility continues around the clock, and so nurses must work in shifts. A shift is a period of duty, usually eight in length. The nurses on the ward rotate their shifts. Some take turns working night duty; others work odd shifts. All of them work out of a central area on the ward called the nurses’ station.
A nurse must always be alert. She can never afford to be careless. This is true in all nursing situation, but it is especially true in the intensive care unit. Patients under intensive care are critically ill, and they must be monitored at all time. The nurses who do intensive care duty have one of the most demanding jobs in the hospital.
Serving as a nurse can be a very rewarding job. But it is not an easy one. Not every person is suited to become a nurse. Only very dedicated people have chosen nursing as a profession.
36. The nursing staff_______
A) are central to the medical staff. B) Play an important role in caring for patients.
C) Can work effectively without physicians.D) Are always in close contact with the patients.
37. Why don’t nurses study for as many years as doctors?
A) most nurses work long days.
B) They don’t treat patients for illness and injury.
C) Caring for sick patients requires patience and concern.
D) They are not dedicated.
38. Why must nurses work in shifts?
A) they are careless.
B) Nursing services must be provided continuously.
C) They work at night form time to time.
D) A shift is usually eight hours long.
39. What kind of person is suited to become a nurse?
A) a very careful person
B) an able person
C) a very dedicated person
D) a specially trained person
40. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author?
A) Nurses are specially trained to offer bedside care to sick person.B) Patients cannot do without nurses.
C) Nurses cannot practise medicine. D) Nurses often work during the night.
Passage 3
The American common school differed from the European school in that it was from the outset an expression of the desire on the part of the American colonies to develop a type of intellectual freedom not prevalent in Europe. There was a further characteristic of the American common school which distinguished it from its European predecessors. The school was, from the beginning, controlled by local authority. Communities were indeed compelled by early legislation in the colonies to maintain an educational institution of some kind for the young people, but the details of organization were left to the communities.
We find that there was the greatest variety in the method of controlling these schools. In New England the town meeting determined the policy of the school. It set the salary of the teacher, and very frequently went so far as to select the teacher, although it commonly delegated supervision of the school to a trustee or to a committee. This committee often included the pastor(牧师) of the church and one or more of the leading citizens.
41. One of the major differences between American and European schools was _____
A) that American schools were colonial and therefore were under European control.
B) that American schools desired to be expressive
C) that American schools emphasized the need of intellectual freedom
D) that American schools were for common citizens while European schools were for nobles
42. The word “prevalent” (Para. 1, Line 3) in this passage means _____
A) current B) famous C) notorious D) acceptable
43. Another distinctive quality of American schools was that _____
A) the local government was free to organize its own educational system
B) the local government was compelled to follow the central authority
C) each community was free to decide whether to provide education or not
D) the school was controlled by the federal government
44. Which of the following statements is not true?
A) Each community differed in the method of controlling the schools.
B) The salary of the teacher was determined by the local authority.
C) The supervising committee of the school was often composed of church people and some important figures of the town.
D) All communities carried the same principle in organizing these schools.
45. What is the passage mainly about?
A) The intellectual development of American schools.
B) The independence of American schools from Europe.
C) The central control of American schools.
D) The role of local authority in American schools.
Passage 4
Stress may be defined as the response of the body to any demand. Whenever people experience something pleasant or unpleasant, we say they are under stress. We call the pleasant kind “eustress”, the unpleasant kind “distress”.
People sometimes compare our lives with that of the cave man, who didn’t have to worry about the stock market or the atomic bomb. They forget that the cave man worried about being eaten by a bear or about dying of hunger-----things that few people worry about today. It’s not that people suffer more stress today; it’s just that they think they do.
It is inconceivable that anyone should have no stress at all. Most people who are ambitious and want to accomplish something live on stress. They need it. But excessive stress is by all means harmful. Worse, chronic exposure to stress over a long time may cause more serious diseases and may actually shorten your life.
The most frequent causes of distress in man are psychological----lack of adaptability, not having a code of behavior. So the secret of coping with stress is not to avoid it, but to do what you like to do and what you were made to do, at your own fate. For most people, it is really a matter of learning how to behave in various situations. The most important thing is to have a code of life, to know how to live.
46.The modern man is suffering _______
A) more stress than the cave man B) less stress than the cave man
C) different stress from the cave manD) same stress as the cave man
47.Which of the following is an example of “eustress”?
E) Being lacking in adaptability and code of life. F) The Olympic Winner at the moment of his glory.
G) Making a turtle run as fast as a rabbit. H) A matter of learning how to avoid stress.
48. In the author’s opinion, stress is _____
I) always harmful to you J) a disease in your life
K) an example of human experienceL) a normal state of everyone
49.According to the passage, which of the following may be the cause of distress at present?
M) The economic and energy problems. N) Being unsuitable for the situations.
O) Unpleasant medical service and diseases.P) Being short of provisions and adaptability.
50.The main idea of the passage is that you should____
Q) overcome the serious diseases R) cope with stress wit the public sense
S) learn how to live in the best way for you T) have the response of the body to any demand
Part III Cloze
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper, you should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. __51_ in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Min Street. Main Street was always in the heart of a town. This street was __52_ on both sides with _53__ businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, and groceries. __54_, some shops offered __55_. These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops.
_56__ in the 1950s, a change began to take place. _57__ many automobiles had crowded into Main Street __58_ too few parking places were __59_ to shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces __60_ the city limits. Open space is what their car driving customers needed. And open space is what they got _61__ the first shopping center was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls, _62__ as a collection of small new stores _63__ crowded city centers. _64__ by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away form _65__ areas to outlying malls. And the growing __66_ of shopping centers led _67__ to the building of bigger and better stocked stores.
__68_ the late 1970s. Many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the __69_ of one stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, _70__ benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.
51. A) As early as B) Early C) Early as D) Earlier
52. A) built B) designed C) intended D) lined
53. A) varied B) various C) sorted D) mixed
54. A) Apart from B) However C) In addition D) As well
55. A) medical care B) food C) cosmetics D) services
56. A) Suddenly B) Abruptly C) Contrarily D) But
57. A) So B) Too C) A lot D) A great
58. A) while B) because C) though D) as
59. A) convenient B) available C) preferable D) sensitive
60.A) over B) from C) within D) outside
61.A) when B) while C) since D) for
62.A) started B) founded C) set up D) organized
63.A) out of B) away from C) next to D) near
64.A) Attracted B) Surprised C) Delighted D) Enjoyed
65.A) external B) remote C) rural D) downtown
66.A) distinction B) fame C) popularity D) liking
67.A) on B) in turn C) by turns D) further
68.A) By B) During C) In D) Towards
69.A) cheapness B) readiness C) convenience D) handiness
70.A) because of B) and C) with D) provided
Part IV Writing
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the topic “On Stress” You must write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below. Remember to write clearly:
1 有的人害怕压力。
2 有的日呢认为压力并不是一件坏事。
3 我的看法。
页:
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