大工13春《大学英语4》辅导资料十四
大工13春《大学英语4》辅导资料十四主 题：对Unit 10的语法点——主谓一致的讲解（1）
学习时间：2013年7月1日－7月7日
内 容：
主语与谓语的一致（本课难点）
这里谈的主语与谓语的一致，是指谓语动词必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致有三个原则：语法一致，概念一致，就近一致。
（一）语法一致
英语语法要求，主语如果是单数，谓语动词也要用单数形式；主要若是复数，谓语动词也要用复数形式
例如：
We all like good food. 我们都喜欢好饭菜。
Everybody was happy with the decision. 人人都对这个决定感到高兴。
I am a doctor. 我是个医生。
（二）概念一致
1. and 连接的两个或多个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：
His opinion and mine are different. 他的观点和我的是不同的。
Bob and Peter are deadly rivals.Bob 和Peter 是死对头。
What she says and what she does are totally different. 她说的和做的完全不同。
但是如果and连接的是指一个单一概念时，谓语动词用单数。
例如：
Bread and milk has been my breakfast for years. 牛奶面包多年来一直是我的早餐。
Her lawyer and old friend is going to marry her.她的律师，即她的老朋友，要娶她。
All this effort and sacrifice has come to nothing. 所有这些努力和牺牲都白费了。
由and连接的单数主语分别有many a, every, each, no 修饰时，动词用单数。
例如：
During the holiday, every train and every plane was crowded. 假期期间每列火车及每架飞机都非常拥挤。
No boy and no girl has the right to refuse education. 男孩和女孩都没有拒绝教育的权利。
Many a man and many a woman was moved by this picture. 许多男男女女都被这幅画感动。
2. 如果主语是一个抽象概念（如不定式、动名词、主语从句等）谓语动词用单数形式。如果主语是用and连接的两个或多个抽象概念，谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：
Walking is a good form of exercise. 散步是一种很好运动方式。
Swimming, jogging and cycling are all good forms of sports exercises. 游泳、慢跑和骑自行车都是很好的运动形式。
To live to eat is not a very good attitude toward life. 活着就是为了吃不是好的生活态度。
以what, who, why, how, whether等wh-词引起的从句做主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；由and 连接的两个主句如果指两件事，动词用复数。
例如：
What he is doing is not clear yet. 他在干什么还不清楚。
What he is doing and whether I know him are two different things. 他在干什么和我是否认识他是两件不同的事。
What she told me is none of your business. 她和我说的什么用不着你管。
What she told me and what she told you are totally different things. 她跟我说的和她跟你说的完全不一样。
以 what从句为主语的“主-系-表”句型中，如果主句的表语是复数，主句谓语动词用复数形式；what从句本身是复数意义，主句谓语动词也可用复数。
例如：
What I need buy now are four tea cups and a pair of sports shoes. 我需要买的是四只茶杯和一双运动鞋。
What were thought to be five dogs were actually five sheep. 被认为是五条狗的东西实际上是五只羊。
3. 集体名词family, class, crew (全体船员或机组人员), crowd, group, committee, audience, government, public, team, staff, population 等做主语时，若作为一个整体看待，后面谓语动词用单数；如就其中每一个成员来考虑时，则用复数。
例如：
My family is a big one. 我家人多。
My family are all music lovers. 我全家人都爱好音乐。
Eighty percent of China’s population are peasants. 百分之八十的中国人口是农民。
China has a large population.中国有众多的人口。
people, police, cattle(牛)等作主语时，后面的动词要用复数。
例如：
There were people waiting outside. 有许多人在外面等着。
The police are searching for the murderer. 警察在搜捕凶手。
The cattle are grazing in the fields. 一群牛在田野里吃草。
machinery（机械）, equipment（设备）, furniture（家具）, merchandise（商品） 等通常做不可数名词，动词用单数，如：
The machinery has arrived undamaged. 商品已经到达，毫无损坏。
All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 本工厂里的所有机械都是中国制造的。
统考例题讲解（重点掌握）
1. I ________ going to the doctor, but I wish I hadn’t.
A. pick out B. make out
C. give off D. put off
解析：pick out意为“挑选”；make out意为“看出”；give off意为“发出（蒸汽，光等）”；put off意为“推迟”。根据题意可知答案是D。
2. Jack is good, kind, hard working and intelligent. ________, I can’t speak too highly of him.
A. As a result B. In a word
C. By the way D. On the contrary
解析：as a result意为“因此，结果”；in a word意为“总而言之”；by the way意为“顺便说一下”；on the contrary意为“相反”。
cannot ... too表示“无论怎样……也不过分，越……越好”
e.g. One cannot be too honest. （人越诚实越好。）
One can never be too careful in one’s work. （工作中再仔细也不为过。）
根据题意可知答案是B。
3. It was not until she had arrived home ________ remembered her appointment with the doctor.
A. when she B. that she C. and she D. she
解析：本题考查强调句。
It is / was not until … that …是强调句型中常见的强调时间状语从句的句式，that后用肯定式。
e.g. I didn’t know what kind of a country she is until I came to China.
→ It was not until I came to China that I knew what kind of a country she is. （正是直到我到了中国我才知道她是一个怎样的国家。）
根据以上解释可知答案是B。
练习题（重点练习）
1. Don’t be worried about your child, his temperature is only slightly above ______.
A. average B. usual C. regular D. normal
2. The doctor _______ me that the discomfort would disappear in a couple of days if I followed his advice.
A. assured B. ensured C. confirmed D. confessed
3. The sports meeting has to be ________ for a few days because of the rainy weather.
A. extended B. postponed C. cancelled D. concealed
4. The plane can fly at a maximum ________ of 75, 000 feet.
A. altitude B. level C. boundary D. quantity
5. If we can ________ this speed, we should arrive there in about five hours.
A. hold up B. break up C. keep up D. take up
答案：1. D 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C
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