大工13春《大学英语》辅导资料十三
大工13春《大学英语》辅导资料十三主 题：对Unit 9的重点单词、短语的讲解
学习时间：2013年6月24日－6月30日
内 容：
NEW WORDS
1. ashamedadj. 惭愧的
[搭配] be ashamed of sth.; be ashamed to do sth.
e.g. He felt ashamed of his old clothes.（他衣着陈旧，感到羞愧。）
I was ashamed to admit what I had done.（我羞于承认自己所做的事。）
2. assumevt. 假定，假设
e.g. If he’s not here in five minutes, we’ll assume he isn’t coming.（如果他再过五分钟不来，我们就认为他不会来了。）
I assumed that she was American but she was actually Canadian.（我原以为她是美国人，但她实际上是加拿大人。）
3. compassionn. 同情，怜悯
e.g. We had compassion for the poor widow.（我们同情这个可怜的寡妇。）
The world’s main religions all teach us to have compassion for the poor and hungry.（世界上几个主要的宗教劝戒我们对贫穷和饥饿的人要有同情心。）
4. descriptionn. 描述
e.g. This girl gave a vivid description of the event.（那女孩对这件事作了一番生动的描述。）
The beauty of the sunrise is beyond description.（日出的美景难以描述。）
[词性变化] describevt. 描述
e.g. The police asked me to describe the man.（警方叫我描述一下那名男子的容貌。）
5. detectiven. 侦探
e.g. The company hired a detective to investigate the accident.（公司雇佣了一名侦探来调查这次事故。）
The detective laid great stress on details.（侦探特别强调细节。）
6. distressn. 苦恼；痛苦
e.g. The sick man showed signs of distress.（病人显出十分痛苦的样子。）
people in distress because of lack of money（因没有钱而受苦受难的人们）
7. exhaustvt. 使（某人）精疲力竭
e.g. I’m absolutely exhausted.（我疲倦不堪！）
That child exhausts me.（那孩子弄得我精疲力竭。）
8. familiaradj. 熟悉的
e.g. He looks so familiar but I can't remember his name.（他看上去非常面熟，但我想不起他的名字来了。）
I am not really familiar with the local laws.（实际上我对当地的法律并不熟。）
9. ignorevt. 忽视；不顾；不理
e.g. Ignore those boys and they’ll soon stop misbehaving.（别理会那些男孩，他们过一会儿就不闹了。）
He knew there was a speed limit but he ignored it and drove very fast.（他知道车速限制，但却置之不理，把车开得飞快。）
10. indifferentadj. 漠不关心的
e.g. He is indifferent to the result of the exam.（他对考试结果漠不关心。）
His manner was cold and indifferent.（他的态度既冷淡又无动于衷。）
11. reactionn. 反应
e.g. What was his reaction to the news?（他对这消息的反应如何？）
Running away is our instinctive reaction when we meet danger.（遇到危险时，我们的本能反应就是跑开。）
[词性变化] reactvi. 作出反应
e.g. The firm reacted to the workers’ complaints by dismissing the director.（公司对工人投诉的反应是解雇了这个董事。）
12. regardvt. 考虑；看待
e.g. I have always regarded him highly.（我总是非常尊敬他。）
I regard him as my friend.（我视他为朋友。）
13. sheeradj. 完全的；纯粹的
e.g. He won by sheer determination.（他全靠决心取胜。）
It was sheer luck.（那纯属运气。）
14. sparevt. 让给，抽出（时间）
e.g. Let’s go! There’s no time to spare.（我们快走吧！没有时间了。）
I’ve got money to spare.（我有多余的钱。）
15. surprisevt. 使（某人）吃惊
e.g. I was surprised to hear that his wife had left him.（听到他的妻子已离他而去，我感到很意外。）
They surprised us with a visit.（他们突然造访，令我们大吃一惊。）
16. tragedyn. 悲剧
e.g. The tragedy is all over now.（悲剧结束了。）
Shakespeare’s Hamlet is a very famous tragedy.（莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》是一部十分著名的悲剧。）
17. victimn. 受害者
e.g. Four people were killed in the explosion, but police have not yet named the victims.（爆炸中有四人丧生，但警方尚未公布遇难者的姓名。）
We are collecting money for the famine victim.（我们在为遭受饥荒的灾民募捐。）
EXPRESSIONS
1. file away归档
e.g. File away the letters carefully, please.（请将这些信件仔细归档。）
2. in an attempt to do sth.试图做某事
e.g. She went there alone in an attempt to find out the truth.（她独自去那，试图找到真相。）
3. in vain徒劳，白费力气
e.g. We tried in vain to make him change his mind.（我们想使他改变主意，结果是白费心机。）
4. pass out昏倒, 失去知觉
e.g. He would pass out if he took one more drink.（要是他再喝一杯酒的话，他就会醉倒了。）
统考例题（重点掌握）
1. She ________ to Beijing. She will be back soon.
A. went B. has been C. goes D. has gone
解析：“She will be back soon.” 暗示她不在说话地点，去了北京。而has been只能用来表示经历“去过北京”，这与句子所要表达的意思不符。因而正确选项是D。
2. It is the third time ________ late this month.
A. that you have come to work
B. when you have come to work
C. that you came to work
D. when you came to work
解析：本题用了“It is + 第几次 + that …”的结构，这是要用现在完成时的典型结构，正确选项是A。
3. How long do you think the meeting _________?
A. lasts B. will last C. is lasted D. is lasting
解析：在本题中，last用作动词，不能用于被动结构。正确选项是B。
4. Every possible means _______to prevent air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
A. was used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used
解析：本题该用现在完成时态的被动结构。原句意为“已采用了一切可能的手段来预防污染。” means作“手段”解，单复数同形，但因前面有every作修饰语，means在句中用作单数，因而正确选项是C。
5. The new suspension bridge ________ by the end of last month.
A. has been designed B. had been designed
C. was designed D. would be designed
解析：句中由by the end of last month作状语，表示过去时间，该用过去完成时。本句还要采用被动结构。正确选项是B。
练习题（重点练习）
1. The girl sometimes has difficulty _________ what the teacher says in class.
A. understand B. understanding
C. to understand D. understood
2. What is the train ________ to Birmingham?
A. fee B. tip C. fare D. cost
3. In many ways, riding a bicycle is similar to ________.
A. the driving a car B. driving a car
C. when you drive a car D. when driving a car
4. This kind of plant _______ a lot of water at all times.
A. assumes B. limits C. produces D. requires
5. The plane was about to _________, and yet I left my ticket behind.
A. take off B. take on C. take up D. take in
答案：1. B2. C3. B4. D5. A
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