大工13春《大学英语3》辅导资料三
大工13春《大学英语3》辅导资料三主 题：Unit 2的知识扩展
学习时间：2013年4月15日－4月21日
内 容：
一、用一般时，不用进行时的动词（本课重点和难点）
1. 表示状态的动词没有进行时
我们只能说某种动作在进行，不说某种状态正在进行，所以表示“存在、所有、感情”之类的动词都没有进行时态。
2. 表示心理情感状态的动词：
know, understand, forget, remember, believe, want, need, respect, prefer, mind, like, agree, wish, recognize, mean, care, dislike, love, hate, fear, hope, appreciate
3. 表示事实状态的动词：
appear, exist, remain, seem, belong, depend on, look(看似), lie(位于)
例题：
(1) All the furniture in the house _______ to the landlord.
A. is belonging B. belongs C. belong D. are belonged
解析：furniture为不可数名词，谓语动词要用单数形式，而belong又是表示状态的动词，要用一般现在时，所以选择B。
(2) As a general rule, snakes _______ unless offended(触怒).
A. have not bitten B. do not bite C. will not be biting D. are not biting
解析：本题指的是通常状态下，所以要用一般现在时。选择B。
(3) The earth _______ round the sun in 365 days.
A. moves B. moved C. has moved D. move
解析：客观事实或真理要用一般现在时，所以选择A。
4. 瞬时动词没有进行时
动作为一时性，它们所表示的动作从发生到结束只是一瞬间。例如：accept, allow, admit, complete, decide, end, give, receive, refuse, permit, promise
例题：
(1) He ______ his leg when he ______ in a football match.
A. broke; played B. was breaking; was played
C. broke; was playing D. was breaking; played
解析：break为瞬时动词，要用一般式；play要用过去进行时，表示他当时正在踢球。所以选择C。
(2) The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she _______.
A. will arrive B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arriving
解析：arrive为瞬时动词，根据题意要用一般现在时。所以选择B。
5. 感官动词指本能自然的动作，时间短暂，不用进行时，如see, notice, hear, smell, taste, look, sound.
例题：
(1) – Do you like the material?
- Yes, it _______ very soft.
A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
解析：feel意为“感觉起来”，要用一般现在时，所以选择C。
6. Here / There开头的感叹句用现在时代替现在进行时。
e.g. Here comes our English teacher! = Here he comes!
There goes the car! = There it goes!
7. 现在时可以代替完成时。
see（明白，知道），hear, understand, forget, read, learn等词可用一般现在时表示“已知、已忘”。
I forget (= I have forgotten) his name.
I understand (= I have understood) what you mean.
二、使用过去时的典型例题
1. 有时没有明确的时间副词，但可以由上下文或由所提到的地点暗示出来。
2. 表示两件紧接着发生的动作，由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。
when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute
例题：
(1) – Your phone number again? I ______ quite catch it.
– It’s 9569453.
A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t
答案：A。
(2) Hello! I ______ you _______ in London. How long have you been here?
A. don’t know; were B. hadn’t known; are
C. haven’t known; are D. didn’t know; were
答案：D。
三、现在完成时的一些典型用法
1. 通常与现在完成时连用的词语
yet, already, by this time, just, ever, never, before, several times, since, up to now, so far, recently, lately, for a long time
在使用这些词语时要注意以下问题：
(1) already一般用于肯定句，yet用于否定句和疑问句。如：
We have already seen the film.
John hasn’t found his watch yet.
Have you read this book yet?
(2) ever多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，表示“曾经”。never用于形式上的肯定句中表示“从未”。例如：
Have you ever been to the Great Wall?
We have never heard about it.
(3) often, always, several times等表示动作的频率。例如：
We have often been here.
Mary has read the text several times.
2. 现在完成时与过去时在使用副词词语方面的比较
(1) just now用在过去时，just用在现在完成时。
(2) ago用在过去时，before用在现在完成时。ago不能单独使用，前面要加a few days等，而before可以单独使用。
(3) 用在完成时
用在完成时。例如：
I have studied French since 1960.
He has lived here since he was born.
We have known each other for a few years.
(4) 现在完成时不与疑问副词when连用，不与过去的确定时间副词连用。如：
Wrong: She has broken a cup yesterday.
Wrong: When has Tom stayed with you?
例题：
(1) I like Shakespeare’s works. Up to now I ______ three of his plays.
A. had read B. have read C. was reading D. am reading
解析：up to now用于现在完成时，所以选择B。
(2) – When are you planning to send the card to your friend?
– I _______ it already.
A. sent B. had sent C. have sent D. was to send
解析：already可用于现在完成时，所以选择C。
3. 动词现在完成时态中的have been与have gone在用法上有哪些区别？
虽然have been和have gone都是现在完成时，但表达的意思不同。
have been表达的意思是“去过”。
have gone表达的意思是“去了”。
也就是说用have gone时，表示句中主语所指的人到某到过了。
have been表示句中主语所指的人曾经去过某地，但现在已不在那了。
在用法上区别很大。现请看例句：
(1) – Where is your father? I haven’t seen him for a few weeks.（你父亲到哪里去了？我有几个星期没有看见他了。）
– He has gone to the U.S.（他去美国了。）
(2) – Have you been to the Great Wall recently?（近来你去过长城吗？）
– Yes, I have been there several times.（是的，我去过几次。）
四、使用瞬时动词时应注意些什么？
一些动词如come, go, leave, arrive, start, begin, become, join, buy, receive, borrow, die, marry, return等的特点是：它们所表示的动作从发生到结束只是一瞬间。使用这类动词时要注意以下几点：
如果要表示这些动词的延续意义时，不能使用它们的完成式加for引导的表示一段时间的短语的句式，而必须改用其它句型或改换其它有延续性的动词表示。请看下列汉译英例句：
(1) 他参军三年了。
译文：It is three years since he joined the Army.
或者He joined the Army three years ago.
或者He has been in the Army for three years.
此句不能译成：He has joined the Army for three years.
(2) 电影开演十分钟了。
译文：It is ten minutes since the film began.
或者The film began ten minutes ago.
或者 The film has been on for ten minutes.
此句不能译成：The film has begun for ten minutes.
(3) 他来这里两个月了。
译文：It is two months since he came here.
或者：He came here two months ago.
或者：He has been here for two months.
此句不能译成：He has come here for two months.
(4) 他的女朋友回来十多天了。
译文：It is over ten days since his girlfriend returned.
或者：His girlfriend returned over ten days ago.
或者：His girlfriend has been back for over ten days.
此句不能译成：His girlfriend has returned for over ten days.
练习题（重点练习）
1. – Was Tom there when you arrived?
– Yes, but he ______ soon afterwards.
A. had left B. left C. will leave D. leaves
2. When I was at college I ______ three foreign languages, but I ______ all except a few words of each.
A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten
C. had spoken; had forgotten D. had spoken; have forgotten
3. – We could have walked to the station; it was so near.
– Yes. A taxi ______ at all necessary.
A. wasn’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. won’t be
4. Where there _____ a will, there ______ a way.
A. is, will be B. is, is C. was, has been D. was, is
5. The house is dirty. We ______ it for weeks.
A. didn’t clean B. hadn’t cleaned
C. don’t clean D. haven’t cleaned
6. – I wonder if I could use your computer tonight?
–___________ I'm not using it right now.
A. Sure, go ahead. B. I don't know.
C. It doesn't matter. D. Who cares?
7. – Excuse me, could you show me the way to the nearest post office?
– __________ Oh yes! Two blocks away from here at the Green Avenue. You can't miss it.
A. I beg your pardon? B. What do you mean?
C. You're welcome. D. Mm, let me think.
8. – Wow! This is a marvelous room! I've never known you're so artistic.
– ______.
A. Great, I am very art-conscious B. Don't mention it
C. Thanks for your compliment D. It's fine
9. – Is it possible for you to work late tonight?
– _______.
A. I like it B. I'll do that
C. I'd love to D. I think so
10. – Unbelievable! I have failed the driving test again!
– _______. This is not the end of the world.
A. Good luck B. Cheer up
C. Go ahead D. No problem
答案：1. B2. B3. A4. B5. D6. A7. D8. C9. D10. B
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