吉大13春《新视野英语（二）》第九章复习资料
吉大13春《新视野英语（二）》第九章Stop the Brain Drain课堂笔记主要知识点掌握程度
本章内容分为两个个部分，通过两篇篇文章的学习，我们要了解这一章中涉及的单词和词组、词语搭配和从句的用法、写作技巧和有关和本单元有关的背景知识；除此之外，在第二部分还会有实战练习，即阅读技巧的讲解，能够让大家在学到一些基础知识的基础上，掌握阅读技巧，以便更有效的完成对所需阅读文章的掌握和理解。
知识点整理
一、Pre-reading Activities
Preview
Many people like to travel, but moving from one country to another can create challenging problems. In this unit’s first article, the author looks at “brain drain”—that is, what happens when he and other highly trained people leave the developing world to work in the West. The second author is an American who has moved to Europe. He is unhappy about the measures American officials use to discourage people from moving to the United States. Finally, an American-born Chinese athlete begins to see the world with new eyes when she visits the land her family moved from. Although war, time, and a vast ocean have separated her family, she finds that her great-grandmother’s hope is stronger than all the things that have divided them. Perhaps these writers can help you get a broader perspective on the challenging problems you will face in the years ahead.
Answer the following questions with your own experiences.
1、Why do you think big countries and big companies offer jobs to people from abroad?
2、One of your friends wants to accept a job overseas. What advice would you give him/her?
3.、If a company hires many people from a different country, does it have any responsibilities toward that country? Explain your answer. <>
Background Information
1、Coca-Cola is the world’s largest manufacturer, marketer, and distributor of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrup, used to produce more than 230 beverage brands. For information about the company, check out the web page at http://www2.coca-cola.com/ourcompany/index.html where you can read about its history and take a virtual plant tour.
2、Sputnik was the project name for three man-made satellites (sputnik means “travelling companion” in Russian) launched (i.e., sent into space) by the USSR in 1957 and 1958. Their purpose was primarily the scientific study of outer space, and they were used to discover if living organisms could survive space conditions. They also played a political role, however. Their launching marked the opening of the “space race” between the United States and the Soviet Union. Please visit http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/sputnik/index.html for comprehensive information about Sputnik. The web page at http://www.batnet.com/mfwright/sputnik.html also has comprehensive information and links to other online resources about Sputnik.
3、The green revolution is a popular term created in the 1960s to talk about how agricultural technology from the technologically developed countries was being widely spread among and transferred to less technologically advanced agricultural areas. Wheat seed from Mexico and rice seed from the Philippines have greatly increased grain production in India, Pakistan, Malaysia, and Turkey. You can check out the web site at http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/bio/green.htm for a detailed account of the green revolution.
4、Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, leader of the Indian nationalist movement, was one of the greatest national leaders of the 20th century. His methods and philosophy of nonviolent confrontation, or civil disobedience, not only led his own country to independence but influenced political activists of many persuasions throughout the world. Check out the web page at http://www.mkgandhi.org for extensive and detailed information about Gandhi.
5、Jawaharal Nehru (1889 - 1964) was the first prime minister of independent India. Nehru studied at Cambridge and was admitted to the English bar(取得英国律师资格) and then returned to India very westernized. After World War II he participated in the discussions between the United Kingdom and India’s leaders that eventually created the separate states of India and Pakistan. When independence came in 1947, Nehru became Prime Minister of India. The web page at http://www.bartleby.com/65/ne/Nehru-Ja.html provides a brief account about Nehru’s life.
6、Eton College http://www.etoncollege.com/default.asp, founded by King Henry VI in 1440, is a private secondary school for boys in Eton, Berkshire, England. Eton’s academic and social importance is so great that children are registered at birth to attend there when they are older. Many of England’s most famous and admired men were educated there. Eton has an educational system similar to those at Oxford and Cambridge universities, in which each student (or small group of students) has a single, private teacher.
7、Oxford: Please visit http://www.ox.ac.uk/ for more information about University of Oxford.
8、Silicon Valley is an area that “located on the San Francisco, California, peninsula, radiates outward from Stanford University. It is contained by the San Francisco Bay on the east, the Santa Cruz Mountains on the west, and the Coast Range to the southeast” (Carolyn E. Tajnai). It is best known for its high tech industry. To read a history about Silicon Valley, please visit http://www.netvalley.com/svhistory.html and http://www.netvalley.com/archives/mirrors/sv&128.html. Extensive links to information about Silicon Valley can be found at http://www.gocee.com/valley/.
9、Microsoft http://www.microsoft.com is the manufacturer of the Windows operating systems that include MS-DOS/Windows3/Windows95/98/NT/2000/Me/XP and other software applications such as Microsoft Office and Internet Explorer. For an official history of Microsoft and its Windows operating systems, please visit http://www.microsoft.com/mscorp/museum/. The web site also contains many valuable educational materials for the general public. Interested readers may also want to check out a brief history of computing at http://ox.compsoc.net/~swhite/history/history.html and a history of computers at http://www.computerhope.com/history/index.htm.
10、Intel http://www.intel.com is the manufacturer of Pentium microprocessors as well as other computer chips. Please visit Intel’s online museum at http://www.intel.com/intel/intelis/museum/INDEX.HTM for information about Intel and microprocessors in general. You may also want to check out a brief history of computing at http://ox.compsoc.net/~swhite/history/history.html to have a historical perspective.
11、The term “welfare state” has been used since World War II to refer to the acceptance by some governments of the responsibility to make the lives of all their people socially and economically satisfactory. The programs of the welfare state have been aimed primarily to reduce the hardships caused by unemployment, disability, and old age and to secure a minimal but appropriate amount of medical care and other essential services for all, regardless of income.
二、Section A
Language Points
1、drain
n.
1） anything that continuously uses up sb.'s strength,time, money, etc.
不断消耗（力量、时间、金钱）的事
brain drain
人才流失
The drain of money from the country is a serious problem. 这个国家的资金外流是一个严重的问题。
2） a pipe to carry away the unwanted water
排水管（道），下水道
The drains overflowed after the heavy rain. 大雨之后下水道里的水溢了出来。
2、A bill now before Congress would give preferential treatment to foreign students with advanced degrees in science and engineering who want to work in the United States. (Para. 1)
Meaning: The bill that is waiting to be passed by the American Congress would give favorable treatment to foreign students with higher degrees in science and engineering who hope to find jobs in the United States.
一份议案已递交到了国会，这一议案要求给予那些想在美国工作、具有理科和工程学科高级学位的外国留学生以优厚待遇。
give preferential treatment to: give favorable treatment to
Employees who have worked here for many years will be given preferential treatment over newcomers.
在这里工作了多年的雇员在待遇上比新来的要优厚些。
We give preferential treatment to those who invest in this area.
我们对那些在这个地区投资的人给予优惠待遇。
3、advanced
a.
1）not elementary 高级的，高深的，程度高的
an advanced course
高级课程
advanced degree
高级学位
Teachers of advanced reading should develop a conscious awareness of the syntax of written English.
教高级阅读的教师应该特别注意书面英语的句法。
2）highly developed 先进的
The factory has installed advanced machines at enormous expense.
该厂斥巨资装备了先进机器。
4、To those of us who are immigrants, the bill seems simply to sanction a policy secretly implemented by U.S. industry for nearly four decades — namely, stealing brains from the third world. (Para. 2)
Meaning: To those of us who left India and are now living in the U.S., the bill seems only to approve officially a policy which has been secretly carried out by U.S. industry for almost forty years — that is, draining the third world of intellectual resources.
对我们这些移民来说，这一议案只不过是正式批准一项美国工业界已秘密地执行了近40年的政策而已--即从第三世界窃取人才的政策。
immigrant
n.
a person who has come into a foreign country in order to live there permanently （外来）移民，侨民
Illegal immigrants are sent back across the border if they are caught.
非法移民一经抓住即被送出国境。
5、namely
ad. (and) that is (to say)即，即是
The minister would only repeat the official government position, namely that it can do nothing at the moment.
这位部长只是重复政府的官方立场，即目前政府无能为力。
Switzerland is surrounded by four large neighbors, namely France, Germany, Austria and Italy.
瑞士有四大邻国，即法国、德国、奥地利和意大利。
6、commercial
a.
1）of business practices and activities generally 商业（上）的，商务的
He is doing a commercial course at the local college.
他在当地的学院里教授一门商业课程。
2）making or intended to make a profit
商业性的，赢利或以赢利为目的的
Her novels are well written and they have good commercial value as well.
她的小说写得很好，而且销路也不错。
7、on top in a better or higher position 处于领先地位
Put the letter on top of that pile of books, where it can be seen easily.
把信放在那堆书上面，那儿很容易被看到。
8、… filling the need for skilled technology workers. (Para. 3)
Meaning: ... meeting the demand for workers who are technologically skilled.
9、skilled
a.
1）experienced; trained 有经验的，训练有素的
Skilled people usually earn more than the unskilled.技术工通常比非技术工挣钱多。
2）(of work) needing skill （指工作）需要技能的
Everyone says that Thomas is a very skilled corporation leader.
人人都说托马斯是个能干的企业领导。
10、provision
n.
1） a statement within an agreement or a law that a particular thing must happen or be done
规定，条款
我们在协定中加入了一些保护外国劳工的条款。
2）(pl.) supplies of food and other necessary things 给养，供应物
All provisions for the island have to be sent by boat.
这个小岛的所有物资供应都得用船运过去。
11、During the 1960s and 1970s, politicians in my native country, India, used to wave the slogan “Stop Brain Drain” — a reference to the fact that the cream of India was leaving for the lucrative shores of England and America. (Para. 4)
Meaning: During the 1960s and 1970s, politicians in my home country, India, would protest by waving the slogan “Stop Brain Drain”, which referred to the fact that the most talented Indians had abandoned their own country to leave for such rich countries as England and America.
the cream of India: the most talented people of India
cream: n. (fig.) the best part (of) the cream of this year’s literature 今年的文学精品
12、reference
n.
1） a statement, etc. speaking of or mentioning sb./sth. 提到，说到，暗示
He made no reference to his illness till after the lesson.
他到下课后才提到他生病了。
2） information or instructions to look at for help查看，查阅，参考
That student used the Internet as a reference for his term paper.
那学生用因特网查找参考资料撰写学期论文。
13、In that post-independence era, when everything foreign was considered contaminated by colonialism, we talked of cottage industries and economic imperialism. (Para. 5)
Meaning: In the years after India achieved its independence, everything which came from other countries was thought to be marked by colonialism and we then turned our attention to small national industries that could be conducted at home, hoping to be independent of those economic powers.
在独立后的时代里, 当每一样舶来货都被认为含有殖民主义的毒素的时候，我们谈论的是家庭小工业和经济帝国主义。
14、We threw Coca-Cola out and invented “Thumbs Up Cola”. (Para. 5)
Meaning: We stopped drinking Coca-Cola and made a new drink named “Thumbs Up Cola”.
我们把可口可乐扔出去，然后发明了"顶呱呱可乐"。
15、But it was also the era of Sputnik, of nuclear power and the green revolution. (Para. 6)
Meaning: But it was also the age when the Soviet Union had sent three man-made satellites named Sputnik into space, when nuclear power started to be extensively used and when the green revolution had greatly increased the world’s grain production.
但这也是个卫星、核能和绿色革命的时代。
Sputnik （苏联）人造地球卫星
16、prime
a.
1）most important 最重要的，主要的，根本的
Prime Minister 首相，总理
A prime reason for our economic decline is lack of people willing to put money into new businesses.
我们经济衰退的一个主要原因是愿意投资于新企业的人太少。
2）of the best quality; excellent 最佳的，第一流的
prime time 黄金时间
17、Nehru
尼赫鲁（1899-1964，印度独立后首任总理、国大党主席（1929-1964）、万隆会议和不结盟运动倡导人之一）
18、institute
n. an organization which exists so that its members can do a particular job (esp. educational or social work), or the buildings which it uses
组织，机构，学院
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has courses in engineering and computer studies.
麻省理工学院开设了工程和计算机课程。
19、offered students free room and board, ... (Para. 7)
Meaning: ... provided students with accommodation and meals free of charge, ...
board: n. meals
I pay 30 pounds a week for board and lodging (or: bed and board).
我每周的食宿开销是30英镑。
20、Indian taxpayers footed the bill in the hope that one day the graduates would help reconstruct the nation. (Para. 7)
Meaning: Indian taxpayers paid the instruction fee as well as the cost of living for students (of IIT), hoping that one day these graduates would help rebuild their country.
印度的纳税人支付着税单，希望有朝一日大学的毕业生们能帮助重建这个国家。
Foot the bill : (infml) pay the bill
His parents footed the bill for the wedding.
这次婚礼的钱是他父母出的。
in the hope that ( / of): hoping
I didn’t phone till four o’clock in the hope that you’d be finished.
我一直等到四点钟才打电话，希望那时你已经做完事了。
21、Our leaders saw parallels to the independence movement founded by people like Nehru and Gandhi who, after absorbing Western political thought at institutions like Eton and Oxford, returned home to serve their native land.
Meaning: Our leaders saw likenesses between their programs and the independence movement led by Nehru and Gandhi who, after receiving education at Eton and Oxford and learning and understanding Western political thought, later returned home to get India out of Britain’s control.
我们的领导人看到了与诸如尼赫鲁和甘地这样的人所发起的独立运动类似的情况：他们在伊顿和牛津这样的学府里吸收了西方的政治思想后，就回来报效自己的祖国。
parallel
n.
1） sth. very similar to sth. else; (a point of) similarity 可相比拟的事物；相似处
The police officer saw a parallel between the two murder cases.
警官看出了这两桩谋杀案之间的相似之处。
2） a line that is always at the same distance from another line
平行线
Gandhi
甘地（1869-1948，印度民族解放运动领袖，有"圣雄"之称，印度国大党主席（1925-1934），首倡"非暴力抵抗"，多次发动反英"不合作运动"，领导争取印度独立的斗争，印度独立（1947）后，被印度教极右分子暗杀）
Eton
伊顿（英国英格兰南部城镇，在伦敦之西，是著名的伊顿公学的所在地）
Oxford
牛津（英国英格兰中南部城市，牛津郡首府和牛津大学所在地
22、pledge
n. a promise, or sth. that is given as a sign that one will keep a promise 誓言，誓约，保证
They made a firm pledge to support us.
他们坚定地承诺支持我们。
23、Our leaders had failed to see that the emphasis on symbol manipulation at IIT left little room for social thought and much scope for the greedy outcomes of capital-driven business. (Para. 10)
Meaning: Our leaders did not realize how the emphasis on symbol manipulation (that is, computer programming) at IIT affected the rest of our development. We did not have much time to think about our responsibilities to society while thinking about the chance to become rich and famous.
我们的领导人没有看到，当印度技术学院在重视计算机编程的时候，几乎没有留下任何空间让学生们去关心社会, 却给受资本驱使的企业的贪欲留下了极大的空间。
manipulation
n. act of manipulating or being manipulated 操纵，控制
They have been charged with cheating and stock market manipulations.
他们被指控欺诈和操纵股市。
scope
n.
1） the chance of doing sth.
余地，机会
I asked at the job interview whether there would be any scope for me to use my Japanese.
求职面试时, 我询问今后是否有机会用上我的日语。
2） the range of a subject covered by a book, program, discussion, class, etc.
范围
I’m afraid that problem is beyond the scope of my lecture. 恐怕那个问题超出了我讲座的范围。
at the expense of: with sb. paying; by harming or causing a loss to
He took a trip at the expense of the company.
他由公司出资出去旅行了一次。
24、Silicon Valley
硅谷（旧金山东南圣克拉拉谷的别称，美国主要的微电子公司集中于此）
26、mushroom vi. spread or increase in number quickly 迅速蔓延，迅速增加
The number of computers in schools has mushroomed in recent years.
近几年学校里电脑的数量增加得非常快。
27、keep pace with
move forward, develop or increase at the same rate (as sb./sth.) （与……）同速前进，（与……）并驾齐驱
We must make sure that we keep pace with new developments in computer technology.
我们必须确保跟上电脑技术的新发展。
28、cripple: (fig.) damage or weaken seriously
The car accident hurt his leg so bad that he was crippled for the rest of his life.
那起事故使他的腿受了重伤，他今后就只能跛着腿走路了。
The country was crippled by war.
战争使那个国家元气大伤。
29、shift
v. (cause to) move or change from one position or direction to another 移动，转变，转移
The truck driver shifted gears.
卡车司机换了档。
Media attention has shifted recently onto environmental issues.
最近媒体的注意力已经转向了环境问题。
30、gear
n.
1） (usu. pl.) （汽车的）排挡
Does your car have four or five gears?
你的车是四排挡还是五排挡？
2） equipment, clothes, etc. that you use to do a particular activity 装备，用具，衣着
Graham was really excited when he joined the athletics club and he bought all the gear, but now he’s lost interest and he’s trying to sell everything.
格拉罕姆刚加入运动俱乐部时热情真高，他购买了所有的运动器材，可现在他却兴趣全无了，甚至于想把运动器材全部卖掉。
31、billboard
n. a high fence or board on which large advertisements are stuck广告的招贴牌
32、Nagpur
那格浦尔（印度中部城市
33、Comments about “Brain Drain” don’t hold much water when every politician has a son or daughter aiming to go abroad. (Para. 14)
Meaning: Although politicians complain about “Brain Drain”, their deeds do not match their words because each of them is planning to send his/her child abroad.
当每一个政客都有一个儿子或女儿在往国外钻的情况下，有关"人才外流"的批评就不会有实际的意义。
hold water (of an argument, an excuse, a theory, etc.) be able to stand up to examination or testing; be valid （指辩论、辩解、理论等）经得起检验，站得住脚
None of his arguments seemed to me to hold water.
在我看来他的观点没有一个是站得住脚的。
At the Nagpur book show, for example, the latest American social publications were conspicuous by their absence and India’s politically conscious leadership has been replaced by a new generation, riding on the wave of the Internet, making fortunes within a span of years. (Para. 15
Meaning: At a book show held in Nagpur, a city in India, for instance, the recently published American books, magazines, newspapers concerning Western social thought were obviously absent when they should have been present. Furthermore, India’s national leaders who used to be concerned about political ideas or needs have been replaced. The new leaders come from those who have made a lot of money in a short time because of the Internet (so no wonder they are more concerned with technology than with society!).
34、And Thumbs Up is a branch of Coca-Cola. (Para. 16)
Meaning: And the company which produces Thumbs Up Cola has now become a branch of the Coca-Cola company.
而"顶呱呱可乐"也成了可口可乐公司的一个分号。
35、disintegrate
vi. (cause to) break into small parts or pieces （使）分裂，（使）分解
The box was so old that it disintegrated when I picked it up.
那箱子太破旧, 我刚一提起就散了。
The company disintegrated owing to lack of financial backing.
由于缺少财政支持，那家公司垮了。
36、its interior framework in water, transportation and health care is fast falling apart; … (Para. 17)
Meaning: ... the domestic system for providing water, transportation and health care is in terrible condition and is quickly getting worse; …
但是国内的供水、交通和保健体系却正在迅速地分崩离析；
fall apart: fall to pieces, disintegrate
The book was old and soon fell apart. 这本书太旧了，没多久就散了。
38、cyber-revolution n. 网络革命
39、Microsoft and Intel which have drained India of its brains for decades, ... (Para. 19)
Meaning: ... Microsoft and Intel which have made India lose its most talented people for decades, ...
由像微软和英特尔这样的公司来提供资金，因为它们几十年来一直在掠夺印度的人才。
drain sb. / sth. of sth.
make sb. / sth. weaker, poorer, etc. by gradually using up his / its strength, money, etc.
使逐渐耗尽（力量、金钱等）
战争逐渐使一个国家失去了青年和财富。
War drains a nation of its youth and its wealth
Exercise
Answer the following questions.
1、What would the bill now before American Congress give?
The bill would give preferential treatment to foreign students with advanced degrees in science and engineering who want to work in the United States.
2、What is the real purpose of the bill, according to the author?
The author believes that the bill simply aims at stealing brains from the third world.
3、What were Indian politicians’ attitudes towards “Brain Drain” during the 1960s and 1970s?
They were against it, waving the slogan “Stop Brain Drain”.
4、How did the Indian people react to economic imperialism in the post-independence era?
They strongly reacted against economic imperialism. One example is that they threw Coca-Cola out and made a new brand of drink called “Thumbs Up”.
5、Did India then close the country to the outside world? Why?
No, India didn’t close the country to the outside world, because at that time India also acquired the benefits of science and technology from advanced countries.
6、What defeated the Indian leaders’ purposes when they wanted their foreign graduates to come home to fulfill their promises?
The leaders failed to realize that the emphasis on science subjects at IIT could lead to students’ lack of room for social thought.
7、What is the focus of the entire education system in India now, according to the author?
The focus of the entire education system in India now has shifted to meet the demand of the American computer industry.
8、How has the attitude of India’s new leaders changed from the attitudes of the 1960s?
This new leadership has abandoned all talk of economic imperialism in favor of market economics.
9.、So what happened to “Thumbs Up”?
“Thumbs Up” became a branch of Coca-Cola.
10、How can India create a social structure needed in the next century, according to the author?
Indian institutes should aim at training students not only in skills but in social thought.
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the help of the first letters. Use only one word in proper form to fill in each blank.
1、There are certain pa_【 _parallels】_ between the situation in Europe today and that which existed 90 years ago.
2、He refused to accept the post because he felt it didn’t offer him much sc 【scope 】_ for promotion.
3、Largely due to educational reorganization ,schools are a major dr_【 _drain 】_ on funds; the government is complaining more on education.
4、It’s perfectly in order to return im 【 __immigrants】_ to their own country if they do not have official papers, otherwise there would be international chaos(混乱）.
5、There is also a growth in the number of co 【 _commercial 】_ organizations offering information, services and activities.
6、The government is responsible for pr 【 _provision 】_ of education to children with special needs, even though the costs are something high.
7、These objectives were wrapped up in a program that included pl 【pledges 】_ on road safely, home helps for the elderly, bus shelters, a more comprehensive library system and the encouragement of tourism.
8、Over the last century, the number of taxes has mu 【mushroomed 】_ and the system is now so complex that few understand it fully.
Rescue these sentences! An underachieving student wrote the sentences below, trying to use an expression from the text in each one-but he got all the prepositions mixed up. Correct all the sentences, using expressions from the text, then put a definition, synonym or translation of the corrected expression in the space provided.
1、The company planned to introduce new technology in the expense of the existing workers. Correct form: 【At the expense of 】 synonym_【Causing a loss to 】
2、Sales are so good that even with 24-hour shifts we could hardly keep pace to demand. Correct form: 【Keep pace with 】synonym:_【Keep up with, meet 】
3、Money makes money. With other words, the more money you put into your business, the greater the profit.
Correct for【In others words 】 _ synonym: 【To put it another way 】
4、The doctor should be here soon. At the meantime , try to relax.
Correct form:_【In the meantime 】 synonym:_【meanwhile 】
5、I’m allfor favor of people going out and enjoying themselves so long as they don’t disturb other people.
Correct form: 【In favor of; approving of 】synonym: 【In support of 】
6、I only bought these shoes last week, and they’re falling down already.
Correct form:_【 _Falling apart; coming apart 】 synonym: 【_Breaking into pieces 】
7、Bringing a new product onto the market is a long and difficult process, and careful planning is called on.
Correct form: 【Called for; needed 】 synonym: 【required 】
8、Congress has special meeting this weekend, aimed on putting together a detailed policy.
Correct form: 【Aimed at 】_ synonym: 【 With the purpose of 】
Word building
The prefix re-is added to many verbs with the meaning of again, or again, or back. For example,
Rewrite - write again
Repay - pay back
Now rewrite each of the following sentences, using a verb with the prefix of re-to replace the italicized part.
1、After working extra hours and making more money for several months, I havepaid back the loan to the bank.
After working extra hours and making more money for several months, I have repaid the loan to the bank.
2、I didn’t enjoy the story at first, but I came to like it when I read it again.
I didn’t enjoy the story at first, but I came to like it when I reread it.
3、He placed the book back on the shelf when he finished it.
He replaced the book on the shelf when he finished it.
4、She is slowly gaining back her strength after the accident
She is slowly regaining her strength after the accident.
5、The branches of the tree will generate again if they are cut off,
The branches will regenerate if they are cut off.
6、She was asked to consider again her decision to leave the job.
She was asked to reconsider her decision to leave the job.
7、After the disaster the government spent millions of dollars to help the local people to construct their homes again.
After the disaster the government spent millions of dollars to help the local people to reconstruct their homes.
8、The museum has such a fine set of old painting that it is worth visiting again.
The museum has such a fine set of old paintings that it is worth revisiting.
The prefix dis-can be added to verbs or adjectives with the meaning of doing the opposite of or not.For example,
dis-+loyal----disloyal: not loyal
dis-+like----dislike:not to like
Now study the meaning of the words given below and then complete the following sentences with the proper forms of these words.
disappear disclose disappoint dishonest
discharge dislike displeased disintegrate
1、It was very_【 _dishonest 】of you to lie to your employer about your educational background and work experience.
2、The box was so old that it just 【disintegrated 】when I picked it up.
3、The old lady was very…【displeased 】_with the children’s noisy behaviour.
4、My parents were 【disappointed 】_with me when I failed the exam: they had expected me to do better.
5、The huge forests in this region have given way to cities and towns in the past few decades and the beautiful birds are fast_ 【disappearing 】
6、The fish in the river were killed by the chemicals_【discharged 】 by the factoriesalong the river banks.
7、The lifting of the curtain 【disclosed 】_ a beautiful winter scene.
8、I prefer to stay in the quiet and peaceful countryside: I_【dislike 】big cities.
Structure
Combine the following sentences using the structure not---but---
1、They didn’t want your pity. They want your help.
They want not your pity but your help.
2、You shouldn’t pay attention to what they say you should pay attention to what they do.
You should pay attention not to what they say but what they do.
3、The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win. The most important thing is to take part.
The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part.
4、The President of Canada didn’t pay an official visit to America by plane. He wentthere by train.
The Prsident of Canada paid an official visit to America not by plane but by train.
5、It was not that I overslept. It was that the bus was late.
It was not that I overslept but that the bus was late.
Study the example as a model and rewrite each of the following sentence, using a non-finite or verbless clause in place of a finite clause.
Model: Our leaders saw parallels to the independence movement founded by people like Nehru and Gandhi who, after they absorbed Western political thought at institutions like Eton and Oxford, returned home to serve their native land.
---- Our leaders saw parallels to the independence movement founded by people like Nehru and Gandhi who, after absorbing Western political thought at institutions like Eton and Oxford, returned home to serve their nation land.
1、When he studies, he listens to the radio.
When studying, he listens to the radio.
2、If he is asked, he will tell you about it in detail.
If asked, he will tell you about it in detail.
3、He wrote his greatest novel while he worked on a ship.
He wrote his greatest novel while working on a ship.
4、Once you’re in trouble, you’ll be given a lot of help.
Once in trouble, you’ll be given a lot of help.
5、If it is not the finest, it is one the finest poems produced in recent years.
If not the finest, it is one of the finest poems produced in recent years.
Translation
Translate the following sentences into English .
1、成功需要不断的努力。因此小王常常工作到深夜，希望能赶上计算机技术的最新发展。
2、他们最终实现了要以自己的生命为祖国的自由而努力的诺言。
3、考虑到比得的计划缺乏严密性， 总裁放弃了该计划， 而主张采纳汤姆的意见，认为它比其他人高明。
4、由于年轻人在这家公司没有多少机会， 小李辞职了。同时，她开始向美国的一所大学申请，想出国留学。
5、露西所讲的关于新领导班子的坏话可能会导致她在这儿的待遇发生变化。换句话说，由于她所说的话，她在我们公司不会像以前那样受到特别的优待了。
1、Success calls for non –stop efforts.So Xiao Wang often worked until very late at night in the hope of keeping pace with the latest developments in computer technology.
2、They eventually fulfilled their pledges to work for the freedom of their country at the expense of their lives.
3、Considering that Peter’s plan didn’t hold water, the president abandoned it in favor of Tom’ idea over all the others’.
4、As there wasn’t plenty of scope for young people at this company, Xian Li quit her job. In the meantime, she began to apply to an American university, aiming to study abroad.
5.、Lucy’s terrible references to the new leadership will probably change her treatment here.In other words, her comments will probably end the preferential treatment she has been getting at our company.
1、To those of us who are immigrants, the bill seems simply to sanction a policy secretly implemented by U.S. industry for nearly four decades -- namely,stealing brains from the third world.
对我们这些移民来说，这一议案只不过是正式批准一项美国工业界已秘密地执行了近40年的政策而已--即从第三世界窃取人才的政策。
2、In that post-independence era, when everything foreign was considered contaminated by colonialism, we talked of cottage industries and economic imperialism
在独立后的时代里, 当每一样舶来货都被认为含有殖民主义的毒素的时候，我们谈论的是家庭小工业和经济帝国主义。
3、In other words, the legislation would benefit not immigrants, but American industry which would be crippled without it.
换句话说，从这个法规获益的不是移民，而是如果没有了这项法案就会陷于瘫痪的美国工业界。
4、As IIT cannot graduate enough students to fill these needs,every street corner now sports billboards for private academies offering certificates in computer programming.
因为印度技术学院无法培养足够的毕业生去满足这些需求。 现在，每一个街角都引人注目地竖着私人学校的招生广告牌，这些学校可以颁发电脑编程证书。
5、India's population recently hit 1 billion, but its interior framework in water, transportation and health care is fast falling apart; its citizens breathe air that is dangerously polluted.
印度的人口最近已达到10亿，但是国内的供水、交通和保健体系却正在迅速地分崩离析； 它的公民们呼吸着对他们有很大危害的、被污染了的空气。
Essay Summary
Choose the best one of the three answers given to fill in each blank.
My family was excited when I left to 1 computers in America, 2 when I got here I 3 life very difficult. My English was good, but it was impossible to keep pace 4 my American classmates. Teachers 5 my contributions at the university, but away 6 the school things were different. People didn’t point 7 me and say “foreigner”, and I didn’t always get a warm 8. For example: store clerks didn’t have 9 patience with my English. I had to walk a lot 10 I couldn’t afford for a car (and riding buses isn’t safe). I was also 11 busy to 12 American friends, 13 holidays were especially lonely.
Now I create software in Silicon Valley. My salary is 14. I stay busy as one of the “15 skilled personnel” who help my company stay 16 its mushrooming needs. My colleagues respect me. But I still 17 my family and my country, so I plan to return home in a few years. I don’t want 18 part of the “Brain drain”. 19 general, I’m thankful for the professional 20 America has provided me , but there’s no place like home.
1、A. buyB. studyC. work
2、A. soB. and C. but
3、A. fine B. foundC. was finding
4、A. with B. to C. on
5、A. appreciatedB. tookC. bought
6、A. in B. around C. from
7、A. onB. at C. by
8、A. receptionB.relationshipC. recognition
9、A. muchB. manyC. a few
10、A. but B. so C.s ince
11、A. much B .too C. very
12、A. make B. write C. found
13、A. as B .sinceC. so
14、A. good B. best C. low
15、A. therapyB. temporary C. contemporary
16、A. at top ofB. on top ofC. on top at
17、A. miss B. think C. remember
18、A. to take B. to be C. being
19、A. On B. AtC. In
20、A. work B. framework C. frame for work
Text Structure Analysis
XII Now read Paragraph 17 again and fill in the chart below to bring out the contrast within the paragraph. The contrast between the prosperous electronic industry on the hand and the ever-worsening conditions in the country on the other gives us much food for thought about the problems in India today.
Para. 17
Mid-sized cities like Bangalore are now the Silicon Valleys of India -- their workers generate demand for the very products that they produce. But the nation is slowly disintegrating. India's population recently hit 1 billion, but its interior framework in water, transportation and health care is fast falling apart; its citizens breathe air that is dangerously polluted.
The prosperous electronic industry:
Mid-sized cities like Bangalore are now the Silicon Valleys of India -- their workers generate demand for the very products that they produce. The ever-worsening conditions in the country: But the nation is slowly disintegrating. India's population recently hit 1 billion, but its interior framework in water, transportation and health care is fast falling apart; its citizens breathe air that is dangerously polluted.
三、Section B Are You a Workaholic?
Reading Skills
Reading for the Key Idea in a Sentence
As we learned in Unit 4, a sentence usually provides one key idea, although the sentence may give a great deal of information. Readers should learn to find key ideas in order to understand sentence meanings clearly.
The key idea of a sentence usually tells:
a) what a person or an object is
b) what a person or an object is doing
Look at the following taken from Reading Passage A:
To those of us who are immigrants, the bill seems simply to sanction a policy secretly implemented by U.S. industry for nearly four decades — namely, stealing brains from the third world. (Para. 2, Reading Passage A, Unit 9)
This sentence tells about the bill. We know that the bill seems to sanction a policy. What kind of bill is it? And to whom does the bill seem to sanction a policy? The answers to these questions given in the sentence merely add details. The details are helpful in completing the scene for the reader, and we need to rely on these details to make the key idea clearer. But the key idea, or the main thought, in this sentence is simply that the bill seems to sanction a policy.
The particular reading skill reviewed in this unit is reading for the key idea in a sentence. Although a sentence may give a great deal of information, it usually provides one key idea. Readers should learn to find the key idea in order to
understand the meaning of a sentence clearly.
The key idea of a sentence usually tells:
a) what a person or an object is
b) what a person or an object is doing
Look at the following example taken from Reading Passage A:
During the 1960s and 1970s, politicians in my native country, India, used to wave the slogan “Stop Brain Drain” — a reference to the fact that the cream of India was leaving for the lucrative shores of England and America. (Para. 4, Reading Passage A, Unit 9)
This sentence tells about Indian politicians. We know that Indian politicians used to wave the slogan “Stop Brain Drain”. All the information about what the slogan refers to and when those politicians waved the slogan adds details. The details are helpful in completing the scene for the reader, and we need to rely on these details to make the key idea clearer. But the key idea, or the main thought, in this sentence is simply that Indian politicians used to wave the slogan “Stop Brain Drain”.
In order to find the key idea of a sentence we have to:
a) ask who or what the sentence is about.
b) ask what the person or object is doing, or what is happening to the person or object.
c) learn to separate details from the key idea.
Many words in a sentence describe things about the subject of the sentence and only add details around it. If we ask when, what kind, where, or why, we will find details. As a result it will be easier for us to see the key idea. Now look at the following example taken from Reading Passage A:
Over the next two decades, IIT graduates — educated at the expense of Indian taxpayers — played a major role in founding California’s Silicon Valley. (Para. 11, Reading Passage A, Unit 9)
The key idea of this sentence is that IIT graduates played a major role in founding California’s Silicon Valley. The information as to when those graduates played such a role and as to the fact that those IIT graduates had been educated at the expense of Indian taxpayers simply adds details.
Reading Skills
For each of the following sentences, write down the key idea in your own words in the blank space.
1、The information probably goes into some computer, never to be removed; and while I have nothing to hide, the thought is unsettling.
Key idea: 【 _The thought that information is stored is unsettling 】
2、Because I am married to an Italian citizen, establishing residency was easy.
3、Key idea:_【 establishing residency was easy for me. 】
3. Shortly after our wedding, we decided to spend a couple of months in the States.
Key idea_【 _we decided to spend time in the States. 】
4、So when my darling wife arrived at the airport in Washington, she wasn't wearing her wedding band, lest it provoke inconvenient questions.
Key idea:_【My wife wasn't wearing her wedding band, 】
5、Nor had she flown on the same plane as myself - doing so would have meant answering "yes" when asked whether she was traveling with any member of her family.
Key idea: 【She had not flown on the same plane as myself. 】
Text
Language points
1、Borderline Ridiculousness (Title)Note: The author often exaggerates(夸张)to make his point. American authors often use this tool to show that something annoys them — especially if they think the reader may not agree with their opinion.
The title (“Borderline Ridiculousness”) itself exaggerates. That is, while the author clearly does not like the policies he is about to describe, he does not think anyone is“ridiculous” or “insane” either.
2、Borderline Ridiculousness (Title)
borderline:
1) n. (usu. sing.) a line that marks a border between two physical things or between ideas, conditions, feelings, etc.
the borderline between genius and madness 天才和疯狂的界限
2) a. between two different groups
Ann will certainly pass the exam, but Susan is a borderline case.
安肯定能通过考试, 但是苏珊就难说了。
3、Likewise in other European countries I’ve visited but not so in America. (Para. 1)
Meaning: Similarly, it’s easy for you to get through the Customs of other European countries while in America, things get difficult.
我访问过的其他欧洲国家也是如此，但美国却不是这样。
4、Likewise in other European countries … (Para. 1)
likewise: ad.
1) in the same way; similarly
I told my friend to enjoy her vacation, and she said, “Likewise, I hope you enjoy yours, too.”
我对朋友说祝她假期愉快，她说：“同样，我也祝你假期快乐。”
2) also, in addition
You must pack plenty of food. Likewise, you’ll need warm clothes, so pack them too.
你必须多带些食物。而且, 你还会需要暖和的衣服, 所以把它们也打在包里。
5、When I go there not only must I make a declaration of … (Para. 1)
declaration: n.
1) a formal written statement providing information; a written statement to customs of taxable goods
a declaration of income所得申报
a customs declaration报关单
2) an important statement, esp. a formal written one
The Declaration of Independence was made in America in 1776. 美国在1776年发表了《独立宣言》。
6、… I am obliged to list every country I visited. (Para. 1)
oblige: vt.
1) force sb. to do sth
Valentine’s Day is a waste of time, but I still feel obliged to send my wife a card.
情人节真是浪费时间，但我还是觉得该给妻子寄张卡片。
2) do (sb.) a favor; fulfil the wishes (of)
I always did my best to oblige him, but he was never grateful.
我总是尽力帮助他, 可他从不感激。
7、What business is that of the Finance Department? (Para. 1)
Meaning: It’s none of their business; what I bought or acquired as gifts abroad and what countries I have visited have nothing to do with the Finance Department of America.
这和财政部的职责有什么相干？
8、The information probably goes into some computer, never to be removed; and while I have nothing to hide, the thought is unsettling. (Para. 1)
Meaning: Personal information of this type very likely is fed into a certain computer, never to be taken out. Although I have nothing to hide, I feel unsettled at the thought of this.
这些信息很可能会存入某台电脑，永远也不会删除。虽然我没有什么东西可以隐瞒的，但一想到这些总让我感到不安。
9、This is the preferential treatment I enjoy as an American citizen. (Para. 2)
Meaning: As an American citizen, I am given a much shorter form to complete than people from other countries. (As noted above, this is a sarcastic remark.)
这还是我作为美国公民所享受到的优待呢。
10、 “Have you ever been a controlled substance (drug) salesman, or a sex slave or pimp?” (Para. 2)
Meaning: “Have you ever sold illegal drugs, or been a prostitute or an individualwho controls prostitutes by finding customers for them and taking the money?”
你做过受管制药物（无忧答案网）的推销员吗？ 做过性奴隶或皮条客吗？
11、… a controlled substance (drug) salesman, …(Para. 2)
substance: n.
1) illegal drugs
substance abuse 无忧答案网，滥用无忧答案网
2) material with particular characteristics
Celery (芹菜) contains a valuable chemical substance that helps lower blood pressure.
芹菜里含有一种有助于降血压的化学物质。
12、.. to engage in export control violations, destructive or terrorist activities or any illegal purpose? (Para. 2)
violation: n.
1) an example of violating or being violated
brutal violations of human rights
粗暴侵犯人权
2) violating or being violated
He was in violation of his promises.
他违背了自己的诺言。
13、... to engage in export control violations, destructive or terrorist activities or any illegal purpose? (Para. 2)
destructive: a. causing serious damage
the destructive power of nuclear weapons 核武器的毁灭性威力
illegal: a. against the law
It is illegal to take drugs. 无忧答案网是违法的。
14、.. or otherwise participate in the torture of any person … (Para. 2)
torture:
1) n. the act of causing great physical pain (with intention or on purpose) in order to punish sb. or to force sb. to do sth. or to give information
About half of the prisoners were murdered or died after torture or starvation.
大约有一半的囚犯遭到杀害或死于拷打和饥饿。
2) vt. cause great physical pain or mental suffering to
It is claimed that the officers tortured a man to death in 2000 in a city police station.
据称, 2000年在某市警察局里警察拷打一名男子致死。
15、… because of race, religion, national origin, … (Para. 2)
origin: n.
1) parents and conditions of early life
He’s of North African origin.
他是北非血统。
2) the beginning or cause of sth.
That folk song has a French origin.
那首民歌源于法国。
16、… or allied with the Nazi Government of Germany,…(Para. 2)
ally:
1) vt. unite formally, join or become joined with sb. or sth.
Britain has allied itself with other western countries for trade and defense.
英国已和其他西方国家结成贸易及防务方面的同盟。
2) n. a nation, group, or person associated with another or others for some common cause or purpose
The USA and Great Britain were allies in World War II.
美国与英国在二战中是盟国。
17、An untruthful answer gives authorities another arrow for their attorney’s quiver. (Para. 3)
Meaning: If a foreign national doesn’t tell the truth while filling out the form, his answer could be used as evidence against him by a lawyer on behalf of the American authorities.
一个不真实的回答会给当局者的律师提供又一个整人的口实。
18、… for their attorney’s quiver. (Para. 3)
quiver: n.
1) a case for holding or carrying arrows
Hunters keep the arrows for their bow in their quiver.
猎人们把箭放在箭嚢中。
2) the act or state of quivering
A quiver of fear ran through her.
一阵恐惧的颤抖传遍她的全身。
19、If they can’t get you for pushing drugs, maybe they can deport you for denying you pushed them before. (Para. 3)
Meaning: If the American authorities can’t punish you for selling drugs, perhaps they can force you to leave their country for saying that you never sold drugs before.
如果他们不能因为非法销售无忧答案网而抓住你，他们也许会因为你否认自己以前非法销售过无忧答案网而把你驱逐出境。
20、… maybe they can deport you … (Para. 3)
deport: vt.
1) force sb., usu. a foreigner or criminal, to leave a country
The federal authorities deported him for illegal entry.
联邦当局因他非法入境而将其遣送出境。
2) (~ oneself) behave in a particular way, esp. in the proper, correct way
The young children deported themselves perfectly.
这些孩子表现得非常好。
21、The vagueness of the language suggests its purpose is as much rhetorical as legal. (Para. 3)
Meaning: These questions are skillfully written to be uncertain and unclear, which suggests that they are intended not only to be legal questions, but also to be rhetorical questions (that is, to tell foreign nationals that the U.S. doesn’t welcome any illegal entry).
这种意义含糊的语言表明表格的目的不但是修辞性的而且是法律性的。
22、The rhetorical intent is clearest in the question about Nazis. It sounds legal and precise, but examine it and it turns out to be ridiculously broad. (Para. 4)
Meaning: The rhetorical purpose of those questions is most obvious in the question about Nazis. It sounds as if it is related to law, but take a close look at it and it is general and vague to the extent of being ridiculous.
其修辞意图在有关纳粹分子的问题上表现得最为清楚。 它听上去很符合法律，也很明确，但仔细查看一下，这问题就宽泛得荒唐可笑。
23、… and it turns out to be … (Para. 4)
turn out: happen in a particular way, or to have a particular result, esp. one that you have not expected
Notice that the verb phrase “turn out” can be followed by an infinitive phrase, that-clause or directly by adjectives.
The truth turned out to be stranger than we had expected.
事实比我们想像的要离奇得多。
It turns out that she had known him when they were children.
原来她在孩提时代就认识他。
24、Many, if not most, of its government employees…(Para. 4)
if not:
1) perhaps
Many, if not all, of our employees do a wonderful job.
可能不是全部，但确有许多员工干得很棒。
2) otherwise
We’ll have the party in the garden if the weather’s good. If not, it’ll have to be inside. 天气好的话，我们将在花园里举办晚会。如果天气不好，就在室内举行。
25、… on account of “political opinion”. (Para. 4)
on account of: because of , as a result of
We had to move to London on account of my job.
因为我工作的缘故，我们得搬到伦敦去。
26、And why such a particular fuss about Nazis, … (Para. 4)
fuss:
1) n. a show of great concern over sth. unimportant
She made so much fuss when Richard spilt a drop of wine on her blouse.
当理查德把一滴酒溅到了她衬衫上时，她竟那样大惊小怪。
2) vi. give too much attention to small and unimportant matters, usu. in a way which shows that one is anxious and not relaxed
Stop fussing with your hair; it’s time to go.
别瞎折腾你的头发了，该走啦。
27、So it is with personal disappointment that I observe the current tendency to keep out new arrivals. (Para. 5)
Meaning: So I notice, and it makes me unhappy that people in general, including the authorities, now tend to prevent newcomers from entering.
Notice: “It is … that…” is a strong way of saying “So I observe the current tendency to keep out new arrivals with personal disappointment.”
28、… to keep out new arrivals. (Para. 5)
keep out: prevent sb. or sth. from getting in
Take this raincoat; it should at least keep the rain out.
拿着这件雨衣，它至少能帮你挡挡雨。
29、Because I am married to an Italian citizen, establishing residency was easy. (Para. 5)
Meaning: Because my wife is Italian, it was easy for me to be granted a resident status in Italy.
30、I dropped in at our local police station … (Para. 5)
drop in : pay an unplanned visit (to a person or place) without notice or warning before going
He usually drops in at my place on his way home.
他通常是在回家途中顺便来我这儿。
31、… received my “resident permit”, … (Para. 5)
permit:
1) n. an official document that allows you to do sth. or go somewhere
She has managed to obtain a temporary residence permit.
她设法搞到了一张临时居住证。
2) vt. allow sth. or make sth. possible
The security system will not permit you to enter without the correct password.
没有正确的口令，安全系统不会让你进入。
32、… good for two years. (Para. 5)
good for: able to be used legally or valid for (a period of time)
Her driver’s permit is good for five years.
她的驾照有效期为五年。
33、… she must apply for a visa ahead of time. (Para. 5)
ahead of time: earlier than planned or arranged
Whenever I have an appointment, I always like to arrive a little ahead of time.
每次和人约好见面，我总稍稍提早点儿到。
34、As it happens, we don’t plan to live in America. (Para. 5)
as it happens: This expression is used to introduce a statement, esp. one that is rather surprising.
As it happens, I have left the book at home.
恰好我把书忘在家里了。
35、Shortly after our wedding, … (Para. 6)
Shortly: ad. soon, at once
Shortly after you left, a man came into the office looking for you.
你刚走就有一个男子来办公室找你。
36、… on the 90-day tourist document, … (Para. 7)
Meaning: ... by way of the normal travel document valid for 90 days, ...
document: n. a paper, form, book, etc. giving information about sth.
travel documents
旅行证件（如护照等）
legal documents
法律文件（如财产、遗嘱证书）
Most of the official documents are available in the library.
大多数官方文件都可以在图书馆查阅到。
37、… I inquired. (Para. 7)
inquire: v. (fml.) ask about sth.
They inquired whether he would take the position of high school physics teacher.
他们问他是否愿意担任一所中学的物理教师。
He inquired of the policeman the shortest route to the department store.
他向警察打听去百货商店的最近路线。
38、… the assumption is they intend to reside there … (Para. 8)
assumption: n.
1) sth. that one thinks is true although one has no proof
Eden acted on the assumption that his allies would support him.
伊登这样做，以为他的盟友会支持他。
2) the act of starting to have control or power
His assumption of the duties of chairman takes place in July.
他七月份上任，担任主席。
39、Too many foreigners slip in as tourists and then try to remain on grounds of marriage. (Para. 9)
slip in: come or go in without being noticed
on (the) grounds of (/ that): by reason of
He quit the job on (the) grounds of ill health (or: on the grounds that he was ill).
他因病辞职。
He had been fired from his job on (the) grounds of incompetence.
他因工作不称职而被炒了鱿鱼。
40、The procedure for determining that such unions are not tricks … (Para. 9)
procedure: n.
1) the correct or normal way of doing sth.
He told me the procedure for fuelling my car.
他告诉我给我这车子加油的步骤。
2) the accepted method or order of doing things, esp. in business, law, etc.
You can’t just do it however you like — you must follow procedure.
你不能想怎么做就怎么做——你得按规程办。
41、But surely there aren’t many cases of marriage fraud involving Italians, I suggested. (Para. 9) Meaning: I reminded the American official that there aren’t many Italians involved in the crime of obtaining an American green card through a false marriage.
但牵涉到意大利人的结婚骗局案肯定不会多, 我这样对他说。
42、… many cases of marriage fraud … (Para. 9)
fraud: n.
1) (an act of) deceiving sb. illegally with the purpose of gaining money or property
She got a five-year prison sentence for fraud.
她因欺诈被判入狱5年。
Police believed the company was involved in a series of frauds in banks all over Europe.
警察认为这家公司与在欧洲大陆进行的一系列银行诈骗有牵连。
2) a person that cheats others 骗子
He said he was an insurance salesman, but later she discovered he was a fraud. 他自称是保险推销商, 但后来她发现他是个骗子。
43、The official gave me a look of pity for my simplicity. (Para. 9)
Meaning: The official’s look seemed to say he felt sorry for me because of my lack of worldly knowledge.
这个移民官员觉得我太天真而同情地看了看我。
44、… for my simplicity. (Para. 9)
simplicity: n.
1) the negative quality of simple-mindedness (Note: this usage is rare.)
The old man’s simplicity made him an easy target for frauds and other criminals.
这位老人的天真轻信使他成了诈骗犯和其他犯罪分子的当然目标。
2) the positive quality of being simple
This old couple led a life of great simplicity.
这对老年夫妇过着极其朴素的生活。
45、… she wasn’t wearing her wedding band, … (Para. 10)
band: n.
1) a ring
He wore a gold wedding band. 他戴着一枚婚戒。
2) a group of people who share the same interests or beliefs, or who have joined together for a special purpose
The former president still has a small band of supporters.
前总统仍拥有一小群支持者。
46、… lest it provoke inconvenient questions. (Para. 10)
lest: conj. for fear that
He hurried on, lest she should meet him again.
他赶紧朝前走，以免又让她撞见。
The new teacher studied the class list over and over again, lest he forget his new students’ names.
那位新老师一遍又一遍地看着班上的学生名册，惟恐记不住这些新学生的名字。
47、… lest it provoke inconvenient questions. (Para. 10)
provoke: vt.
1) cause a sudden reaction that is often very intense or unpleasant
The new laws have provoked violent demonstrations in some towns.
新法律已在一些城市引发了激烈的抗议游行。
2) try to make sb. angry by doing or saying things that one knows will annoy them
She attacked the boy because he provoked her into a state of anger.她对那个男孩动了手，因为他惹她发火了。
48、When I met her on the other side we laughed with wicked pleasure, as we’d gotten away with a crime. (Para. 10)
Meaning: When I met her on the other side of the airport gates, we laughed, pleased at the clever trick we had done, as if we had committed a crime but escaped punishment.
当我在机场门外和她碰头时，我们带着一种恶作剧的快乐大笑起来，因为我们犯了禁，却逍遥法外。
49、… as we’d gotten away with a crime. (Para. 10)
get away with: not be caught or punished for sth. one has done wrong
He was the only child in the class who could be rude to the teacher and get away with it.
他是班上惟一可以对老师没礼貌而不受惩罚的孩子。
Exercises
Exercises
Comprehension of the Text
Decide whether the following statements from the text are facts or opinions (O).
_______O_______1. The hardest thing about getting into Britain is walking the excessive distance around Heathrow.
_______O________2.What business is that of the Finance Department?
________O________3.If they can’t get you for pushing drugs, maybe they can deport you for denying you pushed them before.
________F________4. My mother is a U.S immigrant, and my father is the son of one.
______F_______5. I dropped in at our local police station and in less than two hours received my “resident permit”, good for two years.
________O________6. It was challenging enough going there on vacation.
________F__________7.I said my wife had no intention of moving to the U.S. She had a teaching job in Italy to return to at the end of the summer.
_________F_________8. When I met her on the other side we laughed with wicked pleasure, as we had gotten away with a crime.
Vocabulary
Replace the underlined words or expressions in the following sentences with words or expressions from the text that best keep the original meaning.
1、“I haven’t got time to spend hours preparing one dish”. “ It’s the same for me.”
likewise
2、She feels compelled to be nice to Jack because he’s her boss.
obliged
3、The police caught him and charged him unlawful possession of guns.
illegal
4、He saw the unclear shape of someone coming through the smoke.
vague
5、They didn’t complain about the noise for fear that they annoyed the people next door.
lest
6、If you do that, you will cause trouble.
provoke
7、Sales to other countries showed some improvement, although the rise in the import of finished manufactured goods such as motor cars and vehicles was continuously alarming.
Export
8、The report reflects moral regret for having broken a situation of trust, and it shows concern that someone might have been hurt.
violated
Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences with a suitable preposition or adverb.
1. We were worried when only twenty people came to the party, but it turned ________________ very well finally.
out
2. Why did you do it? Was it ____________account of what I said yesterday?
on
3. Drop________-and talk to me any time you are in town.
in
4. Try to keep ED __________ the room while I wrap his present, will you?
from
5. We will try to complete the building ahead ____OF____------time.
6.______AS_________it happened, I saw him in a downtown market yesterday.
7. Although he had worked there for almost thirty years, he had to leave his job _on__------------grounds of failing health.
8. The student never completes his work on time; I don’t know how he gets away____ with____ -----it.
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