吉大《新视野英语（二）》第七章复习资料
吉大《新视野英语（二）》第七章Lighten Your Load and Save Your Life 主要知识点掌握程度
本章内容分为两个个部分，通过两篇篇文章的学习，我们要了解这一章中涉及的单词和词组、词语搭配和从句的用法、写作技巧和有关和本单元有关的背景知识；除此之外，在第二部分还会有实战练习，即阅读技巧的讲解，能够让大家在学到一些基础知识的基础上，掌握阅读技巧，以便更有效的完成对所需阅读文章的掌握和理解。
知识点整理
一、Pre-reading Activities
Answer the following questions with your own experiences.
1、What causes stress?
2、What are the NICE factors? Why are they important?
3、How do we follow Ben Franklin’s example?
Background Information
1、Dr. Robert S. Eliot, the author of the book: From Stress to Strength: How to Lighten Your Load and Save Your Life. You can read a short discussion on his book at 2、Stress: Visit the web site atif you are interested in the problem of stress.
3、The University of Nebraska: The university (1869) has four campuses. Its main campus is located in Lincoln, where colleges of arts and sciences, agriculture, education, architecture, engineering, and technology, business administration, home economics, journalism, and law are housed. Its Omaha campus has courses leading to bachelor’s and master’s degrees. The University of Nebraska’s medical center has colleges of medicine, nursing, dentistry, and pharmacy. Consult the web site at if you have an interest.
4、Benjamin (Ben) Franklin, a very famous American of the 1700’s best known for his experiments with electricity and nature, using kites. Have a look at for more information about him.
二、Section A
1、If you often feel angry and overwhelmed, like the stress in your life is spinning out of control, then you may be hurting your heart.
如果你常常生气、心烦意乱、情绪激动，好像你生活中的压力正在快速加剧并变得失去控制，那么你可能是在损害你的心脏了。
1）overwhelm: vt.(of feelings) make (sb.) completely helpless, usu. suddenly
He was overwhelmed with grief at the news of his son’s death in an accident.
由于申办2008年奥运会成功，整个国家都沉浸在兴奋激动之中。
The whole nation was overwhelmed with excitement because of its victory in bidding for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games.
2）spin v.
（1）(cause to) move round and round quickly
（使）迅速地旋转
The hit sent the car spinning across the road.
那辆车被撞得打着转横过了马路。
I feel faint and the room is spinning.
我感到晕晕乎乎的，觉得房间在旋转。
（2）make (thread) by twisting (cotton, etc.)
纺线，纺纱，纺织
In the story of Sleeping Beauty, the princess found an old woman spinning.
在《睡美人》的故事中，公主发现有一个老妇在纺纱。
3）be out of control： become no longer manageable 失去控制，不听约束
The airplane went out of control and crashed. 飞机失去控制，坠毁了。
The children are out of control.
孩子们不听管教。
2、If you don't want to break your own heart, you need to learn to take charge of your life where you can - and recognize there are many things beyond your control.
假如你不想损害你自己的心脏，你就需要努力学会控制自己的生活--并且要承认有许多东西你是无法控制的。
3、So says Dr. Robert S. Eliot,… (Para. 3)
It’s an inverted sentence. The normal order is: Dr. Robert S. Eliot … says so.
“So” refers to what is talked about in Para. 2. The reasons for the inverted order of the sentence are that the subject of the sentence (that is: Dr. Robert S. Eliot, author of a new book titled From Stress to Strength: How to Lighten Your Load and Save Your Life) is very long and, what is more, the subject bears the new information of the whole sentence. To keep the sentence in balance, and to achieve the end-weight (that is: leave the complex structure towards the end of the sentence) and end-focus (that is: leave the new information towards the end of the sentence), the word “so” is put at the very beginning and the verb comes before the subject.
Another simple example:
So goes the story. 故事如此云云。
4、title vt. give a name to (a book, an article, etc.) 给(书、文章等) 取名
Shakespeare titled his play A Mid-Summer Night’s Dream. 莎士比亚把他的剧本定名为《仲夏夜之梦》。
Have you found the book titled Water Margin? 你找到那本名为《水浒传》的书了吗？
5、 “hot reactors”. (Para. 4)
Meaning: … “people who are hot-tempered”.
Here the word “reactor” is used in its figurative sense.
n.
原子反应堆，核反应堆
6、tensea. unable to relax 紧张的
He read the letter with a tense anxiety. 他紧张焦虑地读着那封信。
She was very tense as she waited for the interview.
在等待面试时她很紧张。
7、cholesterol 胆固醇
This cooking oil is low in cholesterol.
这种烹调油胆固醇含量低
8、excessa. extra or additional 额外的，附加的
9、circuit n.
a closed connection of wires through which electricity can flow 电路
There is something wrong with the electrical circuit.
电路中发现了一点毛病。
环道，环形道
We made a circuit of the city walls before lunch.
午饭前我们沿着城墙转了一个圈。
10、worm n.虫，蠕虫
There are a lot of worms in the soil.
泥土中有许多虫子。
11、pump n. a machine or device for forcing water, gas or air into, out of or through sth. 泵
water pump 抽水机
The doctor removed the contents of her stomach with a stomach pump. 医生用胃泵清除掉她胃里的东西。
12、attribute
vt. (used in the phrase: ~ sth. to sb. / sth.) regard sth. as belonging to, caused by or produced by sb./sth.把……归因于，把……归咎于
They attributed their success to their teacher’s encouragement. 他们把成功归因于老师的鼓励。
We attribute our success to being in the right place at the right time.
我们把成功归因于天时地利
For years he was a "hot reactor". On the exterior, he was cool, calm and collected but on the interior, stress was killing him. He's now doing very well.
多年来，他一直是一个"热核反应堆式的人"。 表面上，他显得沉着、冷静和泰然自若，但他内心深处的压力使他筋疲力尽。 他现在身体状况很好。
13、exterior
n.
an external appearance, outside
外部，外面，外表
The exterior of the house is very unattractive. 房子的外观很不起眼。
You must not judge people by their exteriors. 你不能以貌取人。
interior: n. inner part; inside
This office has a very modern interior. 这办公室室内装修很现代化。
The main predictors of destructive levels of stress are the FUD factors - fear, uncertainty and doubt - together with perceived lack of control, he says.
他说, 压力达到毁灭性程度的主要预测指标是FUD因素 -- FUD 指的是恐惧、犹豫和怀疑 -- 再加上可察觉到的缺乏控制力。
14、destructive
a.
causing serious damage
破坏的
a destructive storm 毁灭性的暴风雨
They are very concerned about the destructive effects that violent films may have on children.
他们很担心暴力片对儿童可能产生的危害作用。
For many people, the root of their stress is anger, and the trick is to find out where the anger is coming from.
对许多人来说，压力的根源是愤怒，而对付愤怒的诀窍是找出怒从何来。
15、delegate
vt.
1.give (duties or rights, etc.) to sb. in a lower position or grade
授权，委托权限
The boss doesn't know how to delegate.
老板不知道如何用人。
He delegated his responsibilities to an assistant. 他委托一名助手代司其责。
16、blow one's top
lose one's temper
大发雷霆
My father will blow his top when he sees what happened to the car. 我父亲看到车子这个样子肯定会大发雷霆。
When he told her how much it cost, she blew her top. 当他告诉她东西的价格时，她大发脾气。
17、Others are angry because they have no compass in life. And they give the same emphasis to a traffic jam that they give a family argument,"
"还有的人生气是因为他们没有生活中的指南针。 他们把交通阻塞，看得和家庭纠纷一样重,"
18、stir in one's own juice
suffer from unpleasant feelings
受煎熬
stir v.
（1）move (sth.) in a round motion through a liquid or mixture
搅和，搅拌，拌匀
Use a spoon to stir the sauce. 用调羹来搅拌调料。
（2）excite (a person or his feelings, etc.)
使激动，惹起，激起
The story stirred the boy’s imagination. 那个故事激起了男孩子的想像力。
These words could not stir him to take action. 这番话不足以促使他采取行动。
19、outlet
n.
（1） means of setting free (energy, strong feelings, etc.)
发泄（精力、感情）的方法
（2） way out
出口
the outlet of a lake
湖泊的出水口
The waste water outlet jammed suddenly.
废水出口突然堵了。
20、blow apart
break by an explosion
爆炸
His car had been blown apart.
他的车被炸得支离破碎。
21、recommend: v.
1) suggest, advise
The verb “recommend” in this sense is used in several structures:
(1) If it is followed directly by a verb, the verb should be in the -ing form.
I wouldn’t recommend reading in this light; it may affect your eyes. 我不赞成在这样的光线下读书，这会损伤你的眼睛。
(2) If it is followed by a “that-clause”, the verb in the “that-clause” should be used in its base form or used together with the modal auxiliary “should”.
I recommend that he (should) try the new medicine. 我建议他试试这种新药。
(3) The verb “recommend” in this sense can also be followed directly by a noun.
The doctor recommended a change of climate for her health. 医生建议她换换气候环境以便恢复健康。
22、on one's trail
on one's way
在……路上
23、He wrote down things like being a better father, being a better husband, being financially independent, being stimulated intellectually and remaining even tempered - he wasn't good at that."
"他写下了诸如要做一个更好的爸爸、更好的丈夫、经济上独立、智力上活跃，而且还要保持性情平和-- 这一点他也做得不好。"
stimulate
vt.
make sb./sth. more active
刺激，激励，激发
Success will stimulate a person into further efforts. 成功会激励人不断努力。
Praise always stimulates him to further efforts.
表扬总是激励他更进一步努力。
24、cut down
reduce the amount or quantity of sth.
减少……的数量
If you can’t give up smoking completely, at least try to cut down. 如果不能完全戒烟，至少要少抽点。
The factory cannot afford to employ any more workers, so it will have to cut down on production.
这个工厂没有能力再增雇工人，所以它只好减少生产。
25、priority
n.
1） the thing that is (regarded as) more important than others
优先处理的事
The management did not seem to consider office safety to be a priority.
管理部门似乎觉得办公室安全并不是需要优先考虑的问题。
2） the state or right of coming before others in position or time
居先，优先（权）
The badly wounded take priority for medical attention over those only slightly hurt. 重伤员较之轻伤员优先治疗。
26、viewpoint
n.
a point of view
观点，看法
My viewpoint differs from yours completely. 我的观点和你的完全不一样。
We’re supposed to solve the problem from a practical viewpoint. 我们应该以务实的态度来解决这一问题。
27、troublesome
giving trouble; causing pain
令人烦恼的，麻烦的，使人痛苦的
David is a troublesome student in my class. 大卫是我班的一个调皮学生。
Her knee has been troublesome for quite a while, and she may need an operation on it.
她膝盖已疼了很长时间，或许需要动手术。
Notice that the suffix “-some” is used to form adjectives with the meaning “liking to, tending to, causing or producing” suggesting something. unpleasant. Examples:
quarrelsome 好争吵的, 动辄争吵的
burdensome 繁重的, 成为负担的
tiresome 令人厌烦的, 烦人的
lonesome 孤单的, 孤寂的
28、deadline
n.
a point in time by which sth. must be done
最后期限
Tomorrow will be the deadline for handing in the book report. 明天是交读书报告的最后期限。
There's no way I can meet that deadline.
我无法在最后期限前完成
Understanding the text and answering the following questions
1、According to Dr.Robert S.Eliot, what should you do if you do not want to break your heart?
You should learn to take charge of your lives and recognize there are many things beyond your control.
2、For those who are called “hot reactor”, what may be the result of being tense?
Being tense may cause tremendous and rapid increases in their blood pressure.
3、According to Eliot, what researchers find through years of work?
They find that excess alarm or stress chemicals can literally burst heart muscle fibers , creating many short circuits and causing crazy heart rhythms.
4、What main factors, according to Eliot, cause harmful levels of stress?
5、What kinds of people does the author mention to illustrate “ the root of their stress is anger” ?
One kind is professional woman; the other kind is people who have no “compass in life”.
6、What new factors does Eliot recommend in order to calm yourselves down?
The NICE factors—new, interesting, challenging experiences.
7、What does the example of Ben Franklin show?
The example shows that you can not fulfil all your great ambitions, so you have to set your priorities.
8、From Eliot’s viewpoint, how do we face all the problems and difficulties in our daily lives?
We can not complain or escape. We have to learn how to deal with them.
三、Section B Are You a Workaholic?
（一）Reading Skills
Reading for the Main ideas in Paragraphs
As we learned in Unit 2, we can often figure out the meaning of an unfamiliar word from clues provided by context. The context clues that might be helpful for us to recognize the meaning of a new word include:
1、Some sentences give the definition for a difficult word with the help of punctuation such as commas, dashes or parentheses.
2、Context sometimes gives examples to illustrate a difficult word rather than define it. We can use the examples to figure out the meaning of an unfamiliar word.
3、Synonyms (同义词) are words or phrases that are similar in meaning. A synonym is one type of context clue that helps you to determine the meanings of unfamiliar words.
4、Antonyms (反义词) are words or phrases that have opposite meanings to other words or phrases. Antonym clues can help you understand new words.
5. Sentences before or after a sentence that has a difficult word sometimes explain the meaning of the word.
6、Sometimes we can use our own experiences, or our knowledge about a certain topic, to find out the meaning of an unfamiliar word.
7、Word part clues. We can often figure out an unfamiliar word because we know the prefix or suffix attached to the root word, or the two words that make up a compound word.
Here we pick out some examples from Reading Passage A to explain how this particular reading skill is used in practice.
Example 1
Context clue: Context sometimes gives examples to illustrate a difficult word rather than define it. We can use the examples to figure out the meaning of an unfamiliar word.
Example: So says Dr. Robert S. Eliot, author of a new book titled From Stress to Strength: How to Lighten Your Load and Save Your Life. (Para. 3)
Explanation: The word titled is used after the noun phrase “a new book”. Following it is a long string of words in italics with the initial letters in capitals. Clearly it is the name of a book. All this helps us to find out the meaning of the word titled, that is, “given a title of ... or named or called”.
Example 2
Context clue: Antonym (反义词) clues. Antonyms are words or phrases that have opposite meanings to other words or phrases. Antonym clues can help you understand new words.
Example: On the exterior, he was cool, calm and collected but on the interior, stress was killing him. (Para. 6)
Explanation: Clearly there is a contrast in the sentence. Through the antonym clue, accompanied by word part clues, we can understand what the two new words mean: on the exterior means “in outer appearance” and on the interior means “deep inside”.
Example 3
Context clue: We can often figure out an unfamiliar word because we know the prefix or suffix attached to the root word.
Example: The main predictors of destructive levels of stress are the FUD factors — fear, uncertainty and doubt — together with perceived lack of control, he says. (Para. 7)
Explanation: We can find out the meaning of the new word destructive, because we know that this adjective is formed by adding the suffix -tive to the noun destruction.
Example 4
Context clue: We can often figure out an unfamiliar word because we know the prefix or suffix attached to the root word.
Example: Good enough is never good enough. Perfectionists cannot delegate. (Para. 9)
Explanation: We can find out the meaning of the new word perfectionist, because we know that this noun is formed by adding the suffix -ist to the noun perfection. With the additional help of the previous sentence, perfectionist clearly means “somebody who believes in perfection”.
Example 5
Context clue: We can often figure out an unfamiliar word because we know the prefix or suffix attached to the root word.
Example: ... the other key to controlling stress is to “realize that there are other troublesome parts of your life ... (Para. 18)
Explanation: We can find the meaning of the word troublesome, because we know that this adjective is formed by adding the suffix -some to the noun trouble. The suffix has the meaning of giving or causing something. Clearly, troublesome means “giving or causing trouble”.
（二）Language points
1、workaholic
n.
a person who works without stop
闲不下来的人，工作狂
A self-confessed workaholic, Tony can't remember when he last had a holiday.
托尼自己承认是个工作狂，他记不起上次休假是什么时候了。
2、involve: vt. have as a necessary part or result; consist of
This war involved several countries. 这场战争牵涉到几个国家。
If “involve” is followed directly by a verb, the second verb is used in the -ing form. Examples:
The plan involves my living in London. 这项计划要求我住在伦敦。
The job involves traveling abroad for three months each year. 这个工作要求每年去国外旅行三个月。
3、other than:
1）except 除了
She has no close friends other than him.
除了他以外，她没有别的亲密朋友了。
2) not; anything but
She can hardly be other than grateful. 她不可能不感激。
The truth was quite other than what he thought. 事实真相和他所想的完全不一样。
4、dimensional
a.
having the stated number of dimensions
（构成复合词的）有……维的，……方面的
Space is considered to be three-dimensional and time is thought of as the fourth dimension.
空间被认为是三维的，而时间则被看作第四维。
three-dimensional films 三维电影, 立体电影
We should not forget that education has an important spiritual dimension. 我们不应忘记教育有其重要的精神因素。
His character has several different dimensions. 他的性格是多方面的。
5、Workaholics, like those who are constantly drunk, suffer from a controlling habit, usually defined as compelling behavior despite negative consequences. They are sometimes pushed into their habit by their work beliefs, by workaholic role models, and by a work system that automatically sanctions workaholism.
工作狂, 就像那些老是醉醺醺的人一样，有一种无法摆脱的习惯，这种习惯通常被定义为不顾消极后果的强迫性行为。 他们有时是被自己的工作信念、工作狂的行为模式以及一种工作狂自我认可的工作方式所逼而养成了这习惯的。
6、sanction
vt.give one's approval for (sth.); allow
批准，认可
sanction
He tried to get the government to sanction his plan.
他设法使政府批准他的计划
sanction: n.
1) approval, official approval for (sth.)
They cannot marry without the court’s sanction. 没有皇室的同意他们不能结婚。
2) a law or rule that punishes or takes away sth. from sb.
The United States applied economic sanctions against Cuba. 美国对古巴实行经济制裁。
3) a reason that stops people going against laws, rules, etc.
Is prison the best sanction against a crime like this? 监禁是对这类犯罪的最好约束吗？
7、lip service: support in words, not in fact
He pays lip service to feminism, but his wife still does all the housework. 他口口声声支持女权主义, 但他家的全部家务仍是他妻子的事。
8、to the contrary
indicating or proving the opposite （表示或证明）相反地
I’ll come next month, unless you write to the contrary. 我下个月来，除非你写信叫我不要来。
If I don't hear to the contrary I'll see you at the station at ten.
如无变动，十点钟我在车站见你。
9、loyala. true to sb./sth. 忠诚的，忠贞的
A good friend is always loyal. 好朋友永远是忠诚的。
She has remained loyal to him throughout his misfortune. 在他遭受不幸期间，她自始至终对他保持忠诚。
10、burn the midnight oil
study or work until late at night （学习、工作）到深夜，开夜车
She takes her exams next week, so she’s burning the midnight oil. 她下星期要考试了, 所以在开夜车。
11、at risk in danger 处于危险之中
The whole future of the company is at risk.
这家公司的前途都处在危险之中。
12、hazard vt.
1） subject (sth.) to danger; risk
使遭受危险，冒险
2）take a risk to make or suggest
冒险做出；大胆提出
He hazarded that the following examinations might be easier.
他大胆猜想接下来的考试会简单些。
13、Americans tend to become trapped in a working and spending consumption mode, driven by merchants, that leads them to rack up their expectations.
美国人往往会陷入一种由商人们所鼓吹的工作-花钱消费的模式之中，这种模式引诱他们抬高了自己的期望值。
1）trap
vt.
（1） keep (sb.) in a place from which he wants to move but cannot
使陷于困境，使落入圈套，使受限制
Julia found herself trapped in a dead-end job. 朱莉娅觉得自己陷入了一个没有前途的工作里。
（2）catch by a trick
设陷阱捕捉
She survived in the forest by trapping small animals and birds.
她靠着捕捉小动物和鸟类在森林中活了下来。
2）lead sb. to (do) sth.: influence or cause sb. to do sth.
Her expression led me to believe there was some problem. 她的表情让我相信她遇上了困难。
Another verbal phrase is “lead to”, which is different in meaning from “lead sb. to do”.
lead to : result in
Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness. 超负荷工作而不注意休息往往会得病。
3）rack
vt.
cause physical or mental pain, or trouble
使（肉体或精神）受痛苦，使受折磨，给……造成麻烦（此词在文中与up连用，意义为"积累"。）
The team has racked up ten points to win the game. 这个队已得了十分，要赢这场比赛了。
The dog was already racked by the pains of old age.
那只狗早就为衰老带来的病痛所折磨。
14、fuel: vt. provide fuel to
The car is being fuelled at the filling station across the street. 汽车正在街对面的加油站加油。
This verb is often used in its figurative sense.
His words only fuelled the argument further. 他那番话让争论更激烈了。
15、not necessarily: possibly but not certainly
Good food is not necessarily expensive. 好的食品未必价钱贵。
“He was lying, of course .” “Not necessarily.” “他肯定在说谎。” “未必。”
16、the Stone Age 石器时代
The Stone Age has been divided into two periods: the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age.
石器时代分为两个阶段：旧石器时代和新石器时代。
17、fear forbe concerned about sb./sth. 担心，忧虑
I fear for her safety in this weather.
在这种天气情况下，我担心她的安全。
All mothers fear for their children when they first leave home.
所有的母亲都为初次出门的孩子们担心。
18、lane
n.
1）
a strip of road marked out for single line of traffic
车道
the inside lane
内车道
The southbound lane is closed because of an accident.
南向的车道因为一起事故而关闭了。
2）
a narrow road in the countryside or in a town
小路，小巷
It is very dangerous to drive fast along narrow country lanes.
在狭窄的乡村小路上开快车是很危险的。
We seem to be more in the fast lane than ever before.
我们好象比过去任何时候都更加处于快车道上。
19、discharge: vt.
1) send out (gas, liquid, smoke, etc.), or allow it to escape
discharge: vt.
1) send out (gas, liquid, smoke, etc.), or allow it to escape 放出，流出
The chimney discharges smoke. 烟囱往外排放烟尘。
2) give official sanction for sb. to leave放行，让……离去
Patients were discharged from hospital because the beds were needed by other people. 由于其他人需要床位，病人们被允许出院。
20、Very competitive people who have a strong need to prove themselves and tie their self-worth to their work.
竞争心很强、急需证明自己、并把自我价值和工作联系起来的人。
tie to
cause to be connected with or dependent on
使联系在一起；使依附于
Canada is tightly tied to American economy.
加拿大与美国经济密切相连。
21、grief: n. great sadness, deep or violent sad feeling 悲伤，忧伤，悲恸
The dog died of grief when its master did not return. 那条狗因为主人没有回来伤心而死。
22、trait: n. a characteristic, a particular quality in sb.’s character
品质，特点
Pride seems to be one of our family traits. 自傲是我们家族的一个特征。
One of his less attractive traits is criticizing his wife in public.
他的缺点之一是当众数落自己的妻子。
23、stand: vt. bear, accept successfully
Do you think she can stand the pace of work here? 你认为她能承受得了这里工作的节奏吗?
If “stand” is followed directly by a verb, the second verb is used in the -ing form. Examples:
I can’t stand seeing children smoking. 我一看见孩子抽烟就感到难受。
24、equate… with …: connect in mind; consider as the same
Wealth should not be equated with happiness. 财富不应与幸福等同起来。
He equates poverty with misery. 他认为贫穷就是不幸。
25、They can't stand not being active. They find it hard to go on vacation. They're more comfortable being with fellow workers than with family and friends. They equate self-worth and success with hard work. They'd rather be at work than elsewhere or doing anything else.
他们忍受不了懒懒散散, 他们发觉很难抽出时间去度假, 与跟家人和朋友们在一起相比，他们觉得和同事们在一起感到更舒服自在。 他们把自我价值和成功与拼命工作紧密相连。 他们宁可干活，不愿到别的地方去或做其他事情。
26、rationalization
n. the action of providing an explanation 阐述理由，说明理由
27、schedule
1） a program of work to be done
进度表，程序表
She always has a full schedule. 她的日程表总是排得满满的。
2） a timetable
时间表，时刻表
airline schedule
飞机时刻表
28、Of course there is nothing wrong with their commitment, ambition and durable energy. But what is wrong is that these things often come in at a high price to their health and the welfare of their families.
当然他们的承诺、抱负和持久的精力均无可指责， 错的是这些东西是以牺牲他们的健康和他们家庭幸福的高昂代价才得以实现的。
1）come inappear; happen 出现，发生
Have the results from the blood test come in yet?
验血的结果出来了没有？
2）welfare: n. health, comfort and happiness尤指人的）幸福，福利，安康
promote the public welfare 发展公众福利
The police are very concerned for the welfare of the missing child.
警察非常担心失踪儿童的健康。
29、As workaholics tend to put all their eggs in one basket, their job, they can be helped by spreading these eggs into several baskets.
因为工作狂把一切希望都寄托在一件事--他们的工作上，因此帮助他们的办法是把他们的希望分散到几件事上去。
put all one's eggs in one basketrisk everything one has on the success of one plan 孤注一掷
I'm applying for several jobs because I don't really want to put all my eggs in one basket.
我正在申请几项工作，因为我不想把所有的希望寄托在一家公司上。
30、means: n.
1）a method,方法，途径
They were charged with using dishonest means to achieve victory in the election. 有人指控他们采用不正当手段来取得竞选的胜利。
2）(pl.) money that lets you buy things 钱财，财力，财富
They described him as a man of means.
他们将他形容成一个富翁。
四、Exercises
Vocabulary
Complete the following sentences with the help of the first letters. Fill each blank with one word only.
1、The doctor re--【recommend 】- that he should stay a few more days in the hospital.
2、She at-【 -attributed 】--her broken marriage to her husband’s short temper.
3、You must think and act in -【independently 】-of others; do not rely on their opinions or judgments.
4、Each club de-【 -delegated 】-- one member to attend the state meeting last week.
5、They got into an ar--【 -argument 】-about whether to stay at home or go to the seaside for the holiday.
6、He f-【fled 】--away at the first sight of danger.
7、This is an important matter, so we must give it p-【priority 】--over all other business.
8、Being short of money is a bit tr-【 -troublesome 】-,but we will do what we can.
Rewrite each of the following sentences using the expressions given in parentheses.
1、There isn’t anything to do except wait to see what happens. (other than)
There isn’t anything to do other than wait to see what happens.
2、Although Bill was going to the movies, he told Joe the opposite. (to the contrary)
Although Bill was going to the movies, he told Joe to the contrary.
3、I wonder who it was that explained man as a rational animal.(define… as )
I wonder who it was that defined man as a rational animal.
4、It may not be true that traveling in that country is expensive; you can find reasonably priced hotel and restaurants.
Traveling in that country isn’t necessarily expensive; you can find reasonably priced hotels and restaurants.
5、Janet is likely to get angry if you annoy her.(tend to)
Janet tends to get angry if you annoy her.
6、I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.(would rather…than…)
I would rather walk there than go by bus.
7、The food isn’t good ,but if nothing else, it was cheap.(at least).
The food isn’t good, but at least it was cheap.
8、He’s been staying up late for a week now, getting ready for finals.( burn the midnight oil)
He’s been burning the midnight oil for a week now, getting ready for finals.
Complete the following sentences with the help of the first letters. Fill each blank with one word only.
Complete the following sentences with the help of the first letter(s). Use only one word in each blank.
1、This discovery seems to v_________ the claim that this South American civilization has certain relations with ancient Chinese culture.
2、Without much money in her purse, Mary was not confident enough to enter those e_______ shops while wandering along Huaihai Road.
3、Tom had i__________ the culture values of the Italians after three years of living in Rome.
4、Lacking in communication with other areas, an ancient tradition still p______ over the whole mountain village.
5、She does not qualify for an interpreter; she has a s【uperficial】knowledge of that foreign language.
6、It is said that every woman has an I 【nherent】love of beauty.
7、Jack was very considerate; he c 【oncealed】the news that he had failed in the job interview in order not to make his mother sad.
8、It is common sense that lightning usually a【ccompanies 】thunder. But can you tell me whether we see lightning first or hear thunder first?
Word Building
The suffix-ful is added to nouns to form adjectives with the meaning of full of…,giving…or having…For example:
Use---useful delight------delightful
Hope-hopeful help----------helpful
The suffix-less is added to nouns to form adjectives with the meaning of without…or not giving…For example:
Child----childless Doubt------doubtless
Care---careless Speech-------speechless
Now complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the words given in brackets, using either the suffix-ful or the suffix-less depending on the context.
1、(end) I am fed up with your-【 -endless 】--complaining.
2、.(thought)You often look 【thoughtful 】--these days; is there anything wrong?
3、(harm) Smoking is 【 harmful 】-to health, but I do not understand why there are still so many people who smoke.
4、(rest) After listening to speaker for three hours the audience became-【restless 】
5、(beauty)Driving around the foot of the mountain, the tourists suddenly came in sight of a very-【 -beautiful 】-lake.
6、(success) He gave them his honest opinion, 【successful 】-of the results.
7、(fear) He gave them his honest opinion, 【 -fearless 】-of the results,
8、(joy) Did you go to their wedding celebration? I hear that there was a lot of fun and it is a really-【 -joyful 】-time.
The suffix—ize(or-ise) is added to adjectives or nouns to form verbs, with the meaning of causing…or making…
For example:
Modern +-ize(or:-ise)--------modernize(or:modernise)
Organ+-ize(or:ise)------organize(or:organise)
Add-ize(or-ise) to the following adjectives to form verbs. Change the form where necessary. Then complete the following sentences with the newly formed verbs.
Real global American popular
National economy industrial hospital
1、The British government-【 -nationalized 】-the railways as early as 1984.Since then the railways have been owned and managed by the government.
2、He broke a leg when playing football and was 【 -hospitalized 】--for a month.
3、There is to be a meeting of trade ministers from the major-【 -industrialized 】--countries.
4、The local residents have to--【 -economize 】--on water during the dry season.
5、Through years of efforts the young man 【 -realized 】-his aim of becoming a story writer.
6、The car company is making use of the mass media to 【 -popularize 】-its new model programmed to be made available to the public early next year.
7、The world economy is becoming more and more-【globalized 】--,so we must make new policies to meet competition from other countries.
8、Li stayed in the States for about 10 years but he could not get himself-【 Americanized 】-as he never adapted himself to American food.
Structure
Study the model and rewrite the following sentences, applying the principle of end –weight.
Model: Dr.RobertS. Eliot, author of a new book titled From Stress to Strength: How to Lighten Your Road and Save Your Life,say so.
So says Dr.Robert S.Eliot,author of a new book titled From Stress to Strength:How to Lighten Your Road and Save Your Life
1、So the echo-sounding device, now in general use in ships, was born.
2、A period of revolutionary change from one to other lies between the old and the new economic program.
Between the old and the new economic program lies a period of revolutionary change from one to other.
3、Two plates, one made of clear glass and the other of ground glass, are at the end of a kaleidoscope(万花筒）。
At the end of a kaleidoscope are two plates , one made of clear glass and the other of ground glass.
4、The arrows, stones and hand bombs that were shot by the soldiers who hid themselves in the tress went off.
Off went the arrows, stones and hand bombs that were shot by the soldiers who hid themselves in the trees.
5、Suddenly the student asked an embarrassing questions,and then a complete and deathlike silence followed.
Suddenly the student asked an embarrassing question, and then followed a complete and deathlike silence.
Combine the following sentences after the model, using the structure the more…, the more.
Model: People get hot, physiologically, with mental stress. They are likely to blow apart with some heart problem.
The hotter people get, physiologically, with mental stress, the more likely they are to blow apart with some heart problem.
1、I often practice. I play well.
The more often I practice, the better I play.
2、We got up high in the air.It became cold.
The higher we got up in the air, the colder it became.
3、The steel contains much carbon and the cooling is quick. The steel becomes hard.
The more carbon the steel contains and the quicker the cooling is, the harder the steel becomes.
4、The girls liked the moving story. It made them cry.
The more the girls liked the moving story , the more it made them cry.
5、He eats much. He becomes fat.
The more he eats, the fatter he becomes.
Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1、医生建议说，有压力的人要学会做一些新鲜有趣，富有挑战性的事情，来发泄负面情绪。
The doctor recommends that those stressed people should try some new ,interesting and challenging things in order to give their negative feelings an outlet.
2、那个学生的成绩差，老师给他布置了更多的作业，而不是减少作 业量。
The teacher gives more homework to the student who has bad grades, instead of allowing him to cut down.
3、尽管我已经把许多任务分派给其他人去做，我依然担心这项计划无法赶在四月一号截止期前完成。
Although I have delegated many tasks to other people, I am still afraid that I won’ beable to finish the plan beforethe April 1 deadline.
4、从医生的角度看，脾气越急噪的人越易于失控。因此他们往往容易患心脏病。
From a doctor’ viewpoint, the hotter- tempered people get, the more likely they are to lose control. Consequently, they tend to suffer from heart diseases
5、教师首先要考虑的事情之一是唤起学生的兴趣，激发他们的创造性。
A teacher’ priorities include exciting students’ interests and stimulating their creativity.
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1、If you often feel angry and overwhelmed, like the stress in your life is spinning out of control, then you may be hurting your heart.
如果你常常生气、心烦意乱、情绪激动，好像你生活中的压力正在快速加剧并变得失去控制，那么你可能是在损害你的心脏了。
2、For years he was a "hot reactor". On the exterior, he was cool, calm and collected but on the interior, stress was killing him.
多年来，他一直是一个"热核反应堆式的人"。 表面上，他显得沉着、冷静和泰然自若，但他内心深处的压力使他筋疲力尽。
3、If you own anger for more than five minutes - if you stir in your own juice with no safety outlet - you have to find out where it's coming from."
如果你生气超过5分钟 --如果你生闷气, 没有安全的发泄渠道的话-- 你就必须弄清你生气源自何处。"
4、"You have to decide what parts of your life you can control", he says. "Stop where you are on your trail and say, 'I'm going to get my compass out and find out what I need to do.'"
"你必须确定你能控制自己生活中的哪些部分，"他说。 "在你人生道路上停下来，对自己说：'我要把指南针拿出来，弄明白自己需要干什么。'"
5、From Eliot's viewpoint, the other key to controlling stress is to "realize that there are other troublesome parts of your life over which you can have little or no control - like the economy and politicians".
根据埃利奥特的观点，控制压力的另一关键因素是"要承认你生活中还有一些棘手的、你几乎无法或完全无法控制的东西--比如经济以及政客们。"
页:
[1]