黄老师 发表于 2012-10-26 11:21:54

东财《大学英语2》第一单元 How to Improve Your Study Habits课堂笔

东财《大学英语2》第一单元 How to Improve Your Study Habits课堂笔记 1.       Habit是一个人逐渐形成并经常做的事,我们称之为习惯。习惯当然有好坏之分。养成习惯,我们可以说to form a habit , to develop a habit . During the past 15 years, she has gradually formed an effective study habit. (过去的十五年中,她逐渐形成了有效的学习习惯。) Smoking is a bad habit. (吸烟是个坏习惯。)2.       average 在句中表示“普通的,平常的”,相当于ordinary 或normal.average的另一个含义是“平均的”.An average ten-year-old child could understand it. (一个普通的十岁孩子都能理解。)The average height of Chinese men is 1.7 meters. (中国男性的平均身高是1.70米。)3.       intelligence 在本文中表示“理解力,智力”。“IQ(智商)”是“Intelligence Quotient”的首字母缩写。intelligence 还可以表示“情报,情报工作”。4.       “CIA”是“Central Intelligence Agency”(美国中央情报局)的首字母的缩写。5.       top 在本文中表示“最好的”,top student 表示“尖子生,优秀生”。top 还有一个含义:陀螺。如:The top is asleep. (=The top sleeps.) (陀螺转得很稳。)6.       not necessarily 表示“未必,不一定”。The rich are not necessarily happy. (有钱人未必快乐。)7.       be the case 表示“情况属实,真的”。Jack believes he is good at writing, but actually that is not the case. (杰克认为自己善于写作,但实际情况并非如此。)8.       “grade”表示“成绩,分数”,除了可以用“grade”表示外,还可以用“mark,score”来表示。9.       if 可以引导两种条件句:真实条件句和非真实条件句(虚拟语气)。本文中 if 引导的是真实条件句,即 if 引导的从句里的条件是可以满足或实现的。Ice melts if it is heated. (如果给冰加热,它就会融化。)10.   “additional”意为“附加的,额外的”,同义词为:extra, added。它的名词形式是“addition”,常用于“in addition to”(除……之外还) 中。He speaks French in addition to English. (他除了英语之外,也会说法语。)11.   schedule 意为“时间表,进度表”。需要注意的是该词的英音和美音差别较大,英音是['?edju:l], 美音是['sked?jul]。12.   fill in 意为“填表”。类似的表达还有:fill up / complete (a form)。13.   committed time 指必须要花费的时间。committed 是形容词化的过去分词,意为“被指定用于……”。commit 其它经常用到的义项还有:犯罪;干(坏事,傻事);使承担任务;委托,付与。The mayor has committed the 10 thousand dollars in beautifying the city.(市长已指定这1万美元用于美化城市。)One cannot commit crimes without punishment. (一个人不能犯了罪不受惩罚。)The novelist makes his heroine commit suicide at the end of the book. (小说作者在书的结尾让他的女主人公自杀了。)They committed the decision to the board.(他们让董事会做出决定。)14.   decide on 意为“就……做出决定,选定”。When did you decide on this career?(你是什么时候决定选择这个职业的?)15.   be sure to do sth. 表示“务必,一定”。Do be sure to finish your homework first. (务必先做完你的家庭作业。)16.   set aside 表示“留出,拨出时间、金钱等”。She sets aside a bit of money every month. (她每月都存一点儿钱。)17.   assignment 意为 “分配的工作、任务,课外作业”。He is the best man who can finish the assignment. (他是能完成这项任务的最佳人选。)Fast as you do, you can't finish the assignment in two hours.(尽管你做得快,但也不能在两小时内将功课做完。)18.   occupy 在本文中的含义为“占用,使从事”,该词的另一个重要的含义为“占领,侵占”,另外,在卫生间或浴室外如悬挂标有“occupied”字样的标牌时表示“有人,使用中”。His speech occupied two hours. (他的演讲用了两个小时。) The enemy occupied the fort. (敌人占领了要塞。) The fitting room is occupied. (试衣间有人。)19.   It’s important to do sth 中的“it”是形式主语,真正的主语是“to do sth”。It’s difficult to figure out what has happened. (很难弄清楚发生了什么事情。)20.   as well 表示“也,同样,还”,通常位于句末。I write my own songs and I play the guitar as well. (我唱自己谱曲的歌,也弹吉他。)21.   solve 意为“解答,解决”,其名词形式为“solution”。“解决问题”还可以用settle,resolve。We should be able to settle this question. (我们应该能够解决这个问题。)Intensive efforts are being made to resolve the dispute. (现正全力以赴来解决这场纠纷。)22.   be aware of 意为“意识到,觉察到”。John has been aware of having done something wrong. (约翰已意识到自己做错了事情。)23.   enable sb. to do sth. 意为“使某人能做某事”。I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house. (我向他作了详细说明, 好让他能找到那房子。)24.   so that 在本文中意为“以便,为的是”,用于指目的;也可指结果,意为“以至于”。I study hard, so that I may not fail in the examinations. (我用功,免得考不及格。) (目的)The term and condition are printed in very small letter so that they are difficult to read.(结果)(条款与条件是用很小的字体印刷的,以致难以阅读。)25.   “distraction”意为“分心,分散注意力”,动词形式为“distract”,反义词为“attraction/attract”。在电影《泰坦尼克号(Titanic)》中,杰克为了救萝丝而与之攀谈,萝丝知其用意,便说,“You’re distracting me.”(你在分散我的注意力。)26.   skim 指快速阅读,以便得到文章的主旨。He has the habit of skimming over newspapers after breakfast. (他有早饭后浏览报纸的习惯。)27.   look over 意为“检查,查看,翻阅”。Would you please look over my essay? (这篇文章请你(很快地)看一看好吗?)I think it is compulsory to look over the house. (我认为检查这栋房子是规定的义务。)28.   make good use of 意为“好好利用”。29.   go over 意为“仔细检查,复习”。She went over her lines before the first night of the play. (她在该剧首演前又练习了一次台词。)30.   mentioned in class 做后置定语修饰 points , 意为“在课堂上提到过的…”, 这种结构可省去一个定语从句。The girl (whom) I mentioned to you is one of the top students in my class. (我跟你提到过的那个女孩是我班的尖子生。)The window (which was) broken last week has been repaired.(上周被打破的窗户修好了。)31.   remain 在句中意为“处于某种状态”,作连系动词用,后接形容词、分词、名词、介词短语等。remained confused 意为“仍感混淆不清”。She will certainly remain single. (她肯定会保持独身。)I have to remain focused on all games. (我需要将将注意力集中在所有比赛上。)32.   lead to 意为“引起,导致”,类似的短语还有 result in。Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness. (过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。)This will result in the failure of judgment.(这将导致判断上的失误。)33.   improved 是形容词化的过去分词,修饰 performance ;performance 在本文中表示“成绩”。 该词还有其它的含义:履行、执行;表演、演出。Proposal is easier than performance. (提议容易实行难。)It was an astonishing performance. (这是一场令人惊讶的演出。)34.   develop 文中意为“养成”;其它含义还有:发展,开发;冲洗胶片。Try to develop good reading habits. (要养成良好的阅读习惯。)He developed into a strong leader. (他成长为一名坚强的领导人。)This is our develop product lately. (这是我们最近开发的产品。)Do you know where I can develop the pictures? (你知道可以在哪儿洗照片吗?)35.   表示“目的, 目标”的词除了purpose 之外,还有“goal,aim, target”。You'd better set a goal before you start the drill. (练习开始前,你最好设定一个目标。)He had specific aim by doing this. (他这样做有着明确的目的。)What is your next target? (你的下一个目标是什么?)36.   learn 和 study 的区别: learn 强调学习,学会;study 强调钻研,研究。It's more useful to learn modern languages, such as English and German, than Latin.(学习英语和德语等现代语言比学习拉丁语更为有用。)Other dialects need more study.(其他地方的口音还有待考察。)37.   end 此处为动词,意为“终结,结束”。The debate ended in uproar. (那场争辩以大吵大闹收场。)38.   worry about 意为“担心”。The matron told me not to worry about the operation. (护士长告诉我不要为手术担心。)39.   what 引导的名词从句做 know 的宾语从句 We always mean what we say. (我们向来是说话算数的。) 40.   spend time (in) doing sth. 意为“花费时间做某事”。British students spend less time doing their homework than Chinese students. (英国学生花在做作业上的时间比中国学生少。)41.   help sb. with sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事”。 He often helps me with my English study. (他经常帮助我学英语。)42.   discover 意为“发现”,其名词形式为“discovery”。The new discovery caused a great sensation. (这项新发现很轰动。)43.   share sth. with sb. 意为“共用,共有,分享”。We used to share our happiness as well as sadness with each other. (我们曾经常常共享欢乐,共担忧伤。)
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