黄老师 发表于 2012-10-25 09:30:49

东财《大学英语2》第二单元 Healthy Living for Modern Youth课堂笔

东财《大学英语2》第二单元 HealthyLiving for Modern Youth课堂笔记 1.      health 意为“健康”,其形容词形式是“healthy”。英语中有些形容词是由与之同源的名词词尾加字母“y”构成的。filth—filthy,rain—rainy, wind—windy, dirt—dirty, mess—messy, silk—silky, dog—doggy, home—homey, room—roomy, worm—wormy, green—greeny 等。例如:wealth意为“财富”,其形容词形式是“wealthy”。其同义词有:riches, fortune。2.      to be young 是动词不定式作主语,如:To complete thatbuilding in eleven months is really unbelievable. 动词不定式还可以作宾语、表语和定语。Tom begged to gowith us. (汤姆恳求和我们一起去。)Theproblem is to find helpers. (问题是得找到帮手。)Do you have anything special to say? (你有什么特别的话要说吗?)3.      hurt 此处是过去分词,与动词原形的形式是相同的。类似的动词还有:cost-cost-cost,cut-cut-cut, let-let-let, hit-hit-hit, put-put-put, read-read-read,come-came-come, run-ran-run, become-became-become。4.      unheard of 意为“没听说过的”。It's unheard of forsomebody so young to get a place at university. (这么年轻的人就在大学里应聘任职真是前所未闻。)5.      start 和 begin 都表示“开始”,后接 to do 和 doing , 含义相同。I've got to start working out.(我必须开始做健身运动了。)Whendid you begin learning English? (你何时开始学习英语的?)6.      lead a life 意为“过…的生活”,也可以说“live a life”。In rural people always want tohave one day to go out to lead a city life.(在农村的人总是希望自己有一天能走出去,过上城市的生活。)My parents are retired and now live a life of ease.(我的父母都退休了,现在过着安闲舒适的生活。)7.      life style: 生活方式。hairstyle: 发型。如:What do you think of my newhairstyle ? hairdresser: 理发师 。8.      cause 在本文中意为“原因”,cause and effect: 因果。cause 作动词用时,表示“引起”。Food poisoning cancause death. (食物中毒可导致死亡。)9.      miniature 此处意为“缩影”。A day is a miniature ofeternity. (一天是永恒的缩影。)10.be true for (of) 表示“适用于”。The same is true for allother cases. (对于其他各例而言,也是如此。)11.living being: 生物,有机体。being: 人,生物。 creature: 生物,动物,人。12.in accord with: 与……一致。accord: 一致, 调和, 协议。His wordsare in accord with his ideas. (他心口一致。)13.stress: 强调。其同义词是:emphasize。stress还可表示“压力”。Meditation helps me dealwith stress.(瞑思能够帮助我克服压力。)Wecannot emphasize too much the importance of learning English.(我们再怎样强调学英文的重要性也不为过。)14.commit 有很多含义,在句中表示“犯错误”,常用的其它含义还有“委托(托付), 作......事,承诺”等。The girl was committed to the care of an aunt. ( 这女孩被交给姨母照顾。)He would not commit himself in any way. ( 他不愿做出任何承诺。)In her despair, she tried to commit suicide. ( 在绝望中,她试图自杀。)15.indigestion: 消化不良。digest ( ): v.消化n.摘要 Reader’s Digest 《读者文摘》16.increase: 增加 ;decrease ( ): 减少 ;delete: 删除 ;depreciate: 贬值 .17.internal(内部的)-external(外部的 );include(包括)- exclude(排除 );impurity(不纯,杂质)-purity(纯净,纯正,纯粹) .18.root cause: 根本原因。root: 根基,本质。Unhappiness is the root causeof his illness.( 不开心是他生病的根源。)19.remedy: 药物,治疗法。类似的词语还有:cure, treatment。Action is the cure for worry. ( 行动是担忧的治愈法。)I tried every treatment the doctor suggested. ( 我试遍了医生建议的每一种疗法。)20.processed food: 加工食品。 21.process (v.) 加工,列队前进 ; (n.) 过程。His job is to process medicinal herbs.( 他的工作是加工草药。)I started moving the china ornaments but dropped a vase in theprocess.( 我动手搬那些瓷制饰物,但在移动时摔了一只花瓶。)22.preservative: 保存剂,防腐剂。23.source of energy: 能量的来源。注意区分“source” 和“resource”。resource 是“资源”。You are my source of strength. (你是我力量的源泉。)Americans see time as avaluable resource. ( 在美国人眼里,时间是一种宝贵的资源。)24.eat away : 侵蚀,腐蚀。Shareholders worry that theselosses will continue to eat away at the banks' reserves. ( 股东们担心他们的损失将继续吞噬他们的银行储蓄。)25.该句主语为动名词“over-eating”,over-eating 意为“过度饮食”,over- 表示“过度的”,如:over-emphasize( 过度强调),over-estimation( 过高估计),over-confident( 过度自信) 等。 Having a balanced diet is veryimportant. ( 均衡的饮食很重要。)Lying is wrong. ( 说谎是不对的。)26.动词不定式也可作主语,但与动名词作主语的含义有差别,请比较:Lying is wrong. ( 泛指说谎的作风或做法。)To lie is wrong. ( 对于说谎者是谁,说话者是有所指的。)Jogging is good exercising. (指慢跑这项运动。)To live in New York is Lisa’s dream. ( 对某个特定的执行者而言。)27.what we need 是 what 引导的主语从句,如:What you said reallyinterested me.28.go for 意为“去找,努力获取”,类似的短语还有“go all out”,意为“全力以赴,鼓足干劲”。The team is goingall out to win the championship. ( 这个队为了争取冠军而全力以赴。)29.junk food 即“垃圾食品”。所谓“垃圾食品”, 是指那些高脂肪、高胆固醇、高含糖量,没有营养的食物或饮料, 其中包括汉堡包及油炸类快餐, 虽然它能为身体提供热量,但缺乏蛋白质(protein)、维生素(vitamin)和矿物质(mineral)等重要营养元素。因此,也可以称之为“无营养食品”。30.resort to 在本文中表示“依赖”,其它的含义还有“常去某处”。Visitorsresort to that city in summer. ( 夏天,人们常去那座城市游玩。)31.item 在文中的含义是“食物”,其它含义还有:项目,条款,一条新闻。 Doyou know if they like this new item? (你知道他们是否喜欢这个新品种?)Let’s discuss a particular section oritem of a series in a written document, as in a contract,constitution, ortreaty.( 让我们讨论一下书面文件中的具体章节或一系列的条款,如合同,章程或条约。)Are there any interesting news items in the paper this morning? ( 今天早晨报上有什么有趣的新闻吗?)32.point of view: 观点,看法。类似的表达还有:viewpoint, standpoint。His viewpoint caused an argument. ( 他的观点引起激烈的争论。)Let's look at this from a historical standpoint. ( 让我们从历史的观点来看待这一切。)33.long-lasting 是合成形容词,意为“持续时间长的”。类似的合成形容词:quick-service( 特快服务的),out-and-out( 完全的,彻底的),long-term( 长期的),open-air( 户外的,野外的),down-to-earth( 脚踏实地的)。34.it appears that 此处为插入语,意为“看起来好像”。It appears thatrobbers have done well in advance. (看来,劫匪们事前做了精心的安排。)35.sacrifice for: 为……做出牺牲。Those females were oftencalled housewives only because they sacrifice their profession for homes. ( 那些女性之所以常常被称为“家庭主妇”,是因为她们为了家庭放弃了职业。)36.fail to do: 未能做成某事。fail: 失败。其名词形式是:failure。power failure: 停电。I never fail to write to myparents every month. ( 我每个月一定写信给我的父母亲。)37.这个句子里包含两个定语从句:( a) which ouryouths are very much fond of are believed to be the store house of high dose oftoxic chemicals( b) which are highly harmful to human beings38.这句话的主干是: The ice creams, chocolates and colas are believed to be the storehouse of high dose of toxic chemicals.39.health-seeking youths 意为“追求健康的年轻人”,health-seeking 是合成形容词,构成形式是:名词+现在分词。40.peace-loving( 爱好和平的), labor-saving( 省力的), time-consuming( 耗费时间的), law-abiding( 守法的), painstaking( 辛苦的)等。41.physically powerful, mentallystrong, emotionally calm 是副词修饰形容词的表达法。副词还可以修饰动词,副词或整个句子。Her eyes were wide open. (她的眼睛睁得大大的。) ( 修饰形容词)We should constantly reviewour lessons. ( 我们应该经常复习功课。)( 修饰动词)I can’t speakEnglish so fluently as she does. ( 我的英语没她说得流利。) ( 修饰副词)Frankly, I don’t think he will succeed, if hedoesn’t overcomehis shortcomings. ( 坦率地说,如果他不改正缺点,我看他是很难成功的。) (修饰句子)42.is with great benefits 的结构是"be+介词+名词( =be +与该名词同源的形容词)Itis of great importance.=It is very important.She is in great happiness.= She isvery happy.43.answer to :问题的答案。需要注意的是,answer 后需接 to, 类似的词还有 key。Doubt is the key to knowledge. ( 怀疑是知识的钥匙。)Do you know the key to the problem? (你知道这道题的答案吗?)44.句中 it 是形式主语,真正的主语是to have a vegetarian breakfast。动词不定式可以做主语,但本句中的动词不定式过长,所以用it作形式主语,把真正的主语放在了句末。45.either…or 意为“或者…或者…; 不是……就是……”,表示两者之一,连接句子中两个并列的成分。either...or...连接两个主语时,其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就是我们通常说的"就近原则"。She is either Lucy or Lily. ( 她不是露西就是莉莉。)Either you or I am going there tomorrow. ( 明天要么你去那里,要么我去那里。)She is either Lucy or Lily. (她不是露西就是莉莉。)Either you or I am goingthere tomorrow. ( 明天要么你去那里,要么我去那里。)注意:如果把上句变成一般疑问句,助动词形式与主语you保持一致,所以要用are提问,而不是am。例如:Are either you or I going theretomorrow? ( 明天是你还是我去那里?)46.heavy 此处表示 “大量的,多的”。I lost my way in the heavy fog. (我在大雾中迷路了。)47.consist of: 由…组成。注意:该词不用于被动语态。类似的短语有:be made upof 。It has beenfound that all kinds of matter consist of atoms. (人们已经发现, 各种物质由原子组成。)It has been found thatall kinds of matter consist of atoms. (人们已经发现, 各种物质由原子组成。)No matter what substanceit may be, it is made up of atom. (不管这是什么物质,都由原子构成。)48.feast 意为“盛宴,宴会”,fast 此处意为“绝食,斋戒”。英语中有这样一句谚语:Feast today,fast tomorrow. 今朝大吃大喝,明日忍饥挨饿。
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