黄老师 发表于 2012-6-3 08:49:39

北语12春《大学英语一》第三阶段导学

北语12春《大学英语一》第三阶段导学
大英一Unit 7 导学
一、 课文概况
如果一位绅士穷困潦倒,那他一定充满自尊,这篇文章讲述了本文的作者(一位年轻人)和一个老绅士在圣诞期间在一家副食品商店的相遇。这位老绅士经常利用先尝后买的优惠去免费品尝副食品店中可口的布丁。但他从未买过一个。出于仁慈,作者决定帮他买一个布丁。然而,作者不讲策略的话使老人很震惊,也很受伤,他为了维护尊严不得不买了一款最昂贵的布丁。
二、 写作特点
本文故事情节简单,人物的刻画细腻而逼真,最突出的特点是细节描写,在细节描写的中间也穿插了一些概括性的介绍和叙述。生动地再现了一位西方地穷困老人。
三、 长难句解析
1. Well, let him come if he wants it, and welcome to it.
【译文】唉,要是他想品尝就让他来吧,而且欢迎品尝。
【解析】1)句中两个it都表示his coming and sampling the puddings without the intention of buying some他来(本店)品尝布丁并无要买的意思。
2)welcome 在本句中作形容词,后续介词to, 它亦可以作及物动词用。如:The Queen welcomed the President as soon as he got off the plane. 总统一下飞机,女王就上前迎接。
2. I hope there are a lot more stores where he can go and get his share.
【译文】我希望能有更多他能去并得到他那一份的商店。
【解析】 a lot用在more前起到加强程度的作用。类似的词或短语还有lots, much, far, a little等。如:He spends a lot (lots) more money per month than I.他每月花钱比我多得多。
Could you walk a little more slowly? 你能不能走慢一点?
She has far more books than you. 她的书比你的多的多。
2. The elderly gentleman…, accepted the spoon and began eagerly to sample one after another of the puddings, only breaking off occasionally to wipe his red eyes with a large torn handkerchief.
【译文】这位老者。。。接过勺子并迫不及待地一个接一个地品尝布丁,只是偶尔停下来用一张破破的大手绢擦一擦他红红的眼镜。
【解析】1)本句中eagerly紧跟在began一词之后,而不向一般情况下置于那一分句句末是因为began的宾语to sample one after another ofthe puddings 太长,如果再将eagerly放在这一宾语之后则句子将失去平衡。
2)to sample one after another of the puddings也可以说成to sample the puddings one after another.
3)breaking off在句中是现在分词短语作状语,表示的是前一动作的伴随状态。
3. Probably he had come down in the world and this sampling was all that left him from the time he could afford to come and select his favorite pudding.
【译文】很可能他已经家道中败落。从前他是有钱来购买最喜欢的布丁的,而今却只能来品尝一下味道了。
【解析】有些同学不太理解这句话,认为在could后面应该有个not才对,其实不然,the time he could NOT afford to come and select his favorite pudding显然是老人当前的情况,而the time he could afford to come and select his favorite pudding显然是老人过去的情况。From后面理应是过去的时间,而不是现在,由此看来,could 后面不应有not。
4. With more dignity than I would have thought possible considering his appearance, “I do not believe I have the pleasure of knowing you…”
【译文】其神态之高傲,远非我根据其外表所能想象得出:“我想我并不认识您,。。。”
【解析】1)句中than在其引导的从句中作thought的宾语,possible为宾语补足语。有时候than也可以在从句中作主语。
如:Some people earn more money than can be spent. 有些人挣钱太多,花都花不完。
2)considering可以看做一个介词,它是从独立主格we considering演变而来。其后可接名词,可接that从句或疑问句词引导的从句。
如:They did it quite well considering (that) they are only recently graduated from the university.考虑到他们刚从大学毕业,他们已经做得很不错了。
3)have the pleasure of doing sth.…有幸。。这种说法比较正式,严肃。老人用这种句型说明他在有意(或者无意)地表明他是个受过良好教育,有较高社会地位的人。这种结构中pleasure后不用不定式,如不能说May I have the pleasure to dance with you? 而应说 May I have the pleasure of dancing with you? (我能荣幸地请你跳舞吗?)。但是It’s a pleasure 后续to do, 如:It's a pleasure to talk with you. 很高兴和你聊天。
大英一 unit 8 导学
一、 文化背景
美国是个移民国家,墨西哥移民与欧洲移民不一样的是他们主要聚居在美国西南部山区,社会与经济相对较为闭塞,所以他们“美国化“进程也比较缓慢。课文中桑多瓦尔老太太就是一个典型的例子。比如说她英语口语很好,但她仍然喜欢读墨西哥的西班牙报纸。她还喜欢亲手用仙人掌做墨西哥风味的糖果,多数墨西哥人都信奉天主教,墨西哥人非常重视亲情也比较出名。
二、 课文概要
小男孩霍莫是个信差。今天他不得不将一个悲惨的消息送到一位墨西哥妈妈那里:她的儿子在战争中牺牲了。尽管他内心充满了不安,但他要努力减轻找个悲惨消息对罗莎•桑多瓦尔太太的打击。
三、 写作特点
文章轻松、平淡,语言略带悲剧色彩,但读者却能看到一个内在的悲剧主题。文章为悲剧的铺垫做了种努力,使读者感到悲剧的真实力量。
四、长难句解析
1. The door was not a long time opening, but there was no hurry in the way it moved on its hinges.
【译文】不一会儿, 门打开了, 但是非常缓慢。
【解析】1)The door was not a long time opening等于说It was not a long time before the door opened. Not在本句中是一种委婉的表述,比直接说The door opened immediately 更合情合理。
2) it moved on its hinges是定语从句,修饰the way, 如果the way 在句中作先行词表示“方式,方法“时, 可以直接跟定语从句而不带in which 或that。 如:
Can you show us the way (in which) you cooked the fish? 你可以向我们演示一下你是如何烹制这条鱼的吗?
2. He could see that she had been patient all her life, so that now, after years of it, her lips were set in a gentle and saintly smile.
【译文】他看出她一生都很有耐心,以至于经过多年的忍耐后,现在她的嘴边总挂着一丝温柔、圣洁的微笑。
【解析】1)句中的so that引导一个结果状语从句,即her lips were set in a gentle and saintly smile。It指being patient。
2)set在句中表示“处于。。。的位置”, “面带。。。的表情、眼神,”一般用被动。如:
Her eyes were set in a look of surprise. 她的眼中流露出吃惊的神色。
3. …if she had asked to take the place of her son, he would not have been able to refuse.
【译文】。。如果她要求他替代她的儿子,他就无法拒绝。
【解析】本句用的是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,即条件句谓语had+过去分词,主句谓语would+have+过去分词。
如:If we had come earlier, we would have caught the train.
我们要是早一点来就赶上火车了。(事实是我们来晚了)
Had you come to the meeting, you would have seen the president.
你要是来开会了,你就见到那位总统了。
4. …, as if by standing he meant to begin correcting what could not be corrected.
【译文】。。, 仿佛站起来准备开始纠正并不能纠正的事情似的。
【解析】1)what could not be corrected一语双关。它可以指向Homer不可那个成为老太太的儿子这一事实,它还可以指向老太太的儿子不可能起死回生这一事实。
2)What can I do? What the hell can I do? 我能怎么办? 我能怎么办?
此处的the hell用于加强语气,是一种不太文明的说法。这里主要用来表明Homer无法安慰老太太而无可奈何的尴尬心情。
大英一 unit 9 导学
一、 课文概要
文章围绕人类的大脑――世上最强大的电脑展开的。科学家们想通过实验来发现其工作机理来更好地开发利用它。现在科学家们已经弄清了人类精神和身体活动与大脑的关系,但这只是整个研究的起步阶段。
二、 写作特点
这是一篇说明文。本文先写了人类对大脑及其功能的认识、探索历史从亚里士多德到现代科学家。又对比了早期和现代科学家对人脑功能认识的差异最后指出这仅是认识大脑的起步阶段。
三、 长难句解析
1. In the past 50 years there has been a great increase in the amount of research being done on the brain.
【译文】在过去的五十年里有关人脑的研究在数量上有了很大的增长。
【解析】句中being done on the brain作定语,修饰前面的research。它相当于一个定语从句:that is done on the brain。 从中我们得到do research on sth这一用法(介词on可以转换成into),表示“对某课题或领域进行研究“。
2. Scientists hope that if we can discover how the brain works, the better use we will be able to put it to.
【译文】科学家们发现,假如我们能发现脑子是如何活动的,就能更好地利用它。
【解析】1)此句为了强调the better use将其提前,放在we的前面。
2)the better use中的the不是定冠词,而是副词,用在比较级前,通常the…the成对使用时,表示”越。。。(就”。 本句实际上相当于:…the more we discover how the brain works, the better use we will be able to put it to.
3. But it is now thought that it is not the fact.
【译文】但是,现在人们认为事实并非这样。
【解析】本句话中的被动结构在英语中相当普遍。如果句子的主语表达一个普遍性的看法或观点,如people think that…(人们认为),We believe that…(我们相信或认为), they say that (他们说,据说)等,它们通常可以变成it is thought that…, it is believed that, it is said that…的形式。用于这种结构的动词还有acknowledge, assure, claim, consider, find, know, report, understand, estimate等。
The newspaper reports /it is reported that over 100 people died in the earthquake.据报道有一百多人在这次地震中丧生。
4. …the only limit on the power of the brain is the limit of what we think is possible.
【译文】人脑机能的惟一限度是我们认为所能及的那个限定。
【解析】1)可以将句中的we think看成是插入语,便于理解。如:
Who (do you think) should be responsible for the accident?
你认为谁应该对这起事故负责。
2)limit一词一般后接介词to,表示“限度,限制”。
We must set a limit to the expense of the trip.
我们必须给我们的旅途开支定一个限度。
5. 本课需重点掌握的短语“
1) put…to (good) use (好好)利用
2) differ from 与。。。不同
3) compared to/with 与、、、相比
4) make notes 做笔记
5) look into 调查,观察

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