管理经济学的案例题目
案例一目的：价格弹性、损益平衡及利润最大The total operating revenues of a public transportation authority are $100 million while its total operating costs are $120 million. The price of a ride is $1, and the price elasticity of demand for public transportation has been estimated to be -0.4. By law, the public transportation authority must take steps to eliminate its operating deficit while its operating cost could not be cutUse this information to answer the following4 questions(公交汽车公司上年度的营运收入是一亿人民币美元。其总营运成本是12亿人民币美元。公交票的单价是一元钱。其需求价格弹性是-04。 市政当局要求公交部门必须采取步骤取消营运亏损。但是该公司的营运成本却无法下降。运用上述信息回答如下4问题。)
1) How many tickets were sold last year? 上一年度该公交公司共卖了多少张票？
2) Construct the demand function and demand table for this company.
请根据给出的信息为该公司建立需求函数与需求表。
3) What should be the price per ticket that would make both ends meet for
this company?计算应将票价提高到什么水平方能取消营运亏损并使收支平衡。
4) What should be the price per ticket that would maximize the operating
profits for this company?请计算应将票价提高到什么水平方能使营运利润最大。
案例二目的：价格弹性、交叉弹性与市场覆盖率
Company A currently produces and sells tennis shoes at the unit price $60 per pair. Its monthly sales in 2004 was 10,000 pairs. However, its major competitor, company B cut its price from $65 to $55 in January of 2005. As a result, A’s monthly sales dropped to 8,000 pairs. 公司A是一家生产并销售网球鞋的企业。其网球鞋现在的出售单价是60美元。2008年的月度销售量是10000双鞋。它的主要竞争对手，公司B在2009年元月将其网球鞋的单价由65美元降为55美元。结果是，公司A的月度销售量降为8000双。回答如下4个问题：
A. What is the cross elasticity of demand between the shoes produced by
these two firms, assuming A still keeps its unit price unchanged?
(Figure out the Arc-CPED) 假定公司A的价格不变，计算两公司网球鞋的
价格交叉狐弹性。
B. Are shoes produced by these two firmssubstitutes? Why?两公司的产
品有替代关系吗？为什么？
C. Are shoes produced by these two firms close substitutes? Why? 两
公司所产产品是紧密替代品吗？为什么？
D. If the Arc price elasticity of demand for A’s shoes is -2, how can A set
up its new pricing policy? (assuming B’s price remains unchanged at
$55) 设公司A产品的需求价格狐弹性是-2。什么样的定价水平能使其在销售量
上收复失地？(设公司B产品的价格是55美元)
案例三目的：价格弹性、汇率贬值与贸易收支
First of all, Assume the US exports 1,000 computers at a price of $3,000 each animports 150 British autos at a price of 10,000 pounds each. Assume that thedollar/pound exchange rate is 2 dollars per pound. Secondly, suppose the dollar’s exchange value depreciates by 10 percent. Assuming that the price elasticity of demand for US exports equals to -3 and the price elasticity of demand for US imports equals -2. Use all the information above to answer the following questions: 假设世界上只有两个国家：美国与英国。美国向英国出口电脑，出口量是1000台电脑，单价是3000美元一台；英国向美国出口汽车，出口量是150辆车，单价是10000英镑一辆。假设汇率是两美元换一英镑。现在，设美元对英镑贬值了百分之十。假定对美国出口的需求价格弹性等于-3，而对英国出口品需求价格弹性是-2。请回答如下问题：
1) Figure out the exchange rate after the dollar’s 10% depreciation. 在美元发生
10%贬值后，新的汇率水平是什么？
2) Figure out the pound price of US computers and US export volume after
the dollar’s depreciation. 在美元贬值后，美国电脑的英镑价格是多少？美国将向
英国出口多少台电脑？
3) Figure out the dollar price of UK auto and UK export volume after
the dollar’s depreciation. 在美元贬值后，英国汽车的美元价格是多少？英国将向
美国出口多少辆汽车？
4) Figure out the export revenue, import spending for both countries after the
dollar’s 10% depreciation. 美元10%贬值后，两国的出口收入与进口支出发生了
什么变化？
案例四目的：价格弹性、需求函数、总销售额与边际收益
The Beijing Coach Line operates the daily bus service between Beijing and Tianjin. If the ticket is priced as $5, the number of passengers per week would be 1000. If the price drops to $4, the number of passengers could rise to 1200. Suppose this demand function is assumed to be linear and answer the following questions: 北京客车公司经营京津两地的每日客车服务。票价是5美元一张。现在每周的客运量是1000人。如果票价降到4美元，预计客运量要升至1200人。假设上述需求关系是线性函数，请回答如下问题：
1) Figure out the demand function, total revenue function, and marginal
revenue function mathematically. 给出需求函数,销售额函数与边际收益函数。
2) How to write the price elasticity of demand? 写出需求价格弹性。
3) How to figure out the number of passengers transported when the TR has
been maximized? 当总销售额最大时，周客运量是多少？
4) How to set up theprice to maximize TR? 确立总销售额取最大值时的票价。
5) What does the maximized Total revenue equal to? 计算总销售额的最大值。
6) How to figure out marginal revenue (MR) when TR is maximized?
计算总销售额最大时的边际收益。
案例五目的：价格弹性与定价政策
Assuming the Point PED for gas is -0.15. Its current price is $2.90 per gallon. Figure out the price of gas that could decrease the gas consumption by 10%.
(设汽油需求的点弹性是负0.15.汽油价格现在是每加仑2.9美元。请计算一下,什么样的汽油价格可以使汽油之消费量降低百分之十
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