东大网院22年5月大学英语（三）_2022春_02参考
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In 1954 a turning point in medical history, resulting from applied bionics (仿生学), was the first “open heart” surgery done in Minneapolis, Minnesota, by Dr. W. Lillehei’s techniques, which for the first time allowed the patient to be operated on while blood was supplied to the patient from a donor. Today “open heart” surgery, using more complicated methods and bionic devices, is common in the United States.Important technological advances such as those already mentioned have encouraged scientists to develop the artificial heart. Early in 1993, in its first use by a human patient, a medical team at the University of Utah Medical Center replaced the diseased heart by a Javik-7.The world watched amazedly as television pictures of Dr. Clark showed he improved steadily after the surgery. His continued life demonstrated that a bionic device could imitate the action and function of a healthy heart. Dr. Clark lived for 112 days.Life-like or bionic machines have existed for several centuries. The development of tools by man’s ancestors is a good example of the application of bionics to extend human capabilities. Modern bionic research is especially involved in prosthetic (修复术的) devices that substitute for, or replace lost or diseased body parts such as arms, legs, and eyes.Recent advances in electronics have enabled scientists to make better use of electrical impulses in the control of prosthetic devices. One interesting research project is the development of an artificial eye in which video signals are transformed into light patterns that are sent into nerve receptors in the patient.The future for applied bionics seems to be promising. Existing bionic devices will become smaller, faster, and more effective. The artificial heart used for Dr. Clark is only one of experimental replacement devices. It is likely to be joined in the future by replacements for other internal systems or organs. Bionic livers, stomachs, and lungs are not impossibilities!
（4.0 分）1. Which of the following does this passage mainly discuss?
A．The application of bionics.B．The first “open heart” surgery.C．The development of the artificial heart.D． The future of applied bionics.（4.0 分）2. According to the passage, it was Dr. C. W. Lillehei who ______.A．first developed applied bionicsB．was the first to operate on the heart of a patientC．developed the artificial heartD．used more sophisticated methods to do “open heart” surgery（4.0 分）3. By “Dr. Clark lived for 112 days”, the author most probably means that ______.A．the replacement of Dr. Clark’s heart was a failureB．there was still a long way to go in applied bionicsC．applied bionics was promisingD．the first artificial heart was most effective（4.0 分）4. The control of artificial devices is improving because ______.A．video signals can be transformed into light patternsB．bionic machines have existed for centuriesC．artificial devices such as arms, legs, and eyes require better control than bionic machinesD．science has made great advances in electronics（4.0 分）5. The author’s attitude towards applied bionics is ______.A．criticalB．approvingC．objectiveD．questioning
Increasingly, over the past ten years, people — especially young people — have become aware of the need to change their eating habit, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed food, is not good for the health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods: foods which do not contain chemical addictives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers, widely used in farming today.Natural foods, for example, are vegetable, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil and are rich in organic matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amount — but not the quality — of foods grown in commercial farming areas.Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures. Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry: there are battery farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowdedly together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food; they also produce eggs which lack important vitamins.There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually a nonessential food! Although a natural alternative, such as honey, can be used to sweeten food if this is necessary, we can in fact do without it. It is not that sugar is harmful in itself. But it does seem to be addictive: the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two centuries and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds a year! Yet all it does is to provide us with energy, in the form of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals, and no fiber.It is significant that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fiber has been removed. But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the emphasis is placed on the eating of whole wheat bread and more vegetables by modern experts on “healthy eating”.
（4.0 分）6. This passage is mainly concerned with ______.A．people’s growing interest in natural foodsB．natural food and healthy dietC．the importance of fiber in foodsD．harmful effects of sugar（4.0 分）7. The passage tells us that ______.A．sugar is bad for the healthB． the use of sugar is habit formingC．people need sugar to give them energyD．sugar provides us with nothing useful（4.0 分）8. Which of the following is a reason for people’s growing interest in natural foods?A．They want to return to nature.B．They want to eat all kinds of foods.C．Natural foods are very deliciousD．They are more health conscious.（4.0 分）9. Food that is rich in organic matter ______.A．has been nourished by fertilizersB． contains vegetable matter that has not been consumedC． has had chemicals and fertilizer added to itD．contains large quantities of vitamins（4.0 分）10.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A．Chickens are fed on food which is little better than garbage.B．Chickens live in very crowded conditionC．The eggs chickens produce lack vitamins.D．Chickens are free to move about.
（15.0 分）Thanksgiving Day on the fourth Thursday of November is uniquely an American holiday. It26A.richB.datesC.celebratedD.plantE.withoutback to the arrival of some of the first European settlers in the New World. America has been blessed with27A.richB.datesC.celebratedD.plantE.withoutland and rich natural resources. However, those early settlers would not have survived their first cold winter28A.richB.datesC.celebratedD.plantE.withoutthe help of their native Indian neighbors, who taught them how to29A.richB.datesC.celebratedD.plantE.withoutcorns, and how to hunt wild deer. The first Thanksgiving Day was30A.richB.datesC.celebratedD.plantE.withoutafter the autumn harvest, and people gave thanks to God and to their friends.
In 1954 a turning point in medical history, resulting from applied bionics (仿生学), was the first “open heart” surgery done in Minneapolis, Minnesota, by Dr. W. Lillehei’s techniques, which for the first time allowed the patient to be operated on while blood was supplied to the patient from a donor. Today “open heart” surgery, using more complicated methods and bionic devices, is common in the United States.Important technological advances such as those already mentioned have encouraged scientists to develop the artificial heart. Early in 1993, in its first use by a human patient, a medical team at the University of Utah Medical Center replaced the diseased heart by a Javik-7.The world watched amazedly as television pictures of Dr. Clark showed he improved steadily after the surgery. His continued life demonstrated that a bionic device could imitate the action and function of a healthy heart. Dr. Clark lived for 112 days.Life-like or bionic machines have existed for several centuries. The development of tools by man’s ancestors is a good example of the application of bionics to extend human capabilities. Modern bionic research is especially involved in prosthetic (修复术的) devices that substitute for, or replace lost or diseased body parts such as arms, legs, and eyes.Recent advances in electronics have enabled scientists to make better use of electrical impulses in the control of prosthetic devices. One interesting research project is the development of an artificial eye in which video signals are transformed into light patterns that are sent into nerve receptors in the patient.The future for applied bionics seems to be promising. Existing bionic devices will become smaller, faster, and more effective. The artificial heart used for Dr. Clark is only one of experimental replacement devices. It is likely to be joined in the future by replacements for other internal systems or organs. Bionic livers, stomachs, and lungs are not impossibilities!
（4.0 分）1. Which of the following does this passage mainly discuss?
A．The application of bionics.B．The first “open heart” surgery.C．The development of the artificial heart.D． The future of applied bionics.（4.0 分）2. According to the passage, it was Dr. C. W. Lillehei who ______.A．first developed applied bionicsB．was the first to operate on the heart of a patientC．developed the artificial heartD．used more sophisticated methods to do “open heart” surgery（4.0 分）3. By “Dr. Clark lived for 112 days”, the author most probably means that ______.A．the replacement of Dr. Clark’s heart was a failureB．there was still a long way to go in applied bionicsC．applied bionics was promisingD．the first artificial heart was most effective（4.0 分）4. The control of artificial devices is improving because ______.A．video signals can be transformed into light patternsB．bionic machines have existed for centuriesC．artificial devices such as arms, legs, and eyes require better control than bionic machinesD．science has made great advances in electronics（4.0 分）5. The author’s attitude towards applied bionics is ______.A．criticalB．approvingC．objectiveD．questioning
Increasingly, over the past ten years, people — especially young people — have become aware of the need to change their eating habit, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed food, is not good for the health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods: foods which do not contain chemical addictives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers, widely used in farming today.Natural foods, for example, are vegetable, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil and are rich in organic matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amount — but not the quality — of foods grown in commercial farming areas.Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures. Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry: there are battery farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowdedly together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food; they also produce eggs which lack important vitamins.There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually a nonessential food! Although a natural alternative, such as honey, can be used to sweeten food if this is necessary, we can in fact do without it. It is not that sugar is harmful in itself. But it does seem to be addictive: the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two centuries and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds a year! Yet all it does is to provide us with energy, in the form of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals, and no fiber.It is significant that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fiber has been removed. But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the emphasis is placed on the eating of whole wheat bread and more vegetables by modern experts on “healthy eating”.
（4.0 分）6. This passage is mainly concerned with ______.A．people’s growing interest in natural foodsB．natural food and healthy dietC．the importance of fiber in foodsD．harmful effects of sugar（4.0 分）7. The passage tells us that ______.A．sugar is bad for the healthB． the use of sugar is habit formingC．people need sugar to give them energyD．sugar provides us with nothing useful（4.0 分）8. Which of the following is a reason for people’s growing interest in natural foods?A．They want to return to nature.B．They want to eat all kinds of foods.C．Natural foods are very deliciousD．They are more health conscious.（4.0 分）9. Food that is rich in organic matter ______.A．has been nourished by fertilizersB． contains vegetable matter that has not been consumedC． has had chemicals and fertilizer added to itD．contains large quantities of vitamins（4.0 分）10.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A．Chickens are fed on food which is little better than garbage.B．Chickens live in very crowded conditionC．The eggs chickens produce lack vitamins.D．Chickens are free to move about.
（15.0 分）Thanksgiving Day on the fourth Thursday of November is uniquely an American holiday. It26A.richB.datesC.celebratedD.plantE.withoutback to the arrival of some of the first European settlers in the New World. America has been blessed with27A.richB.datesC.celebratedD.plantE.withoutland and rich natural resources. However, those early settlers would not have survived their first cold winter28A.richB.datesC.celebratedD.plantE.withoutthe help of their native Indian neighbors, who taught them how to29A.richB.datesC.celebratedD.plantE.withoutcorns, and how to hunt wild deer. The first Thanksgiving Day was30A.richB.datesC.celebratedD.plantE.withoutafter the autumn harvest, and people gave thanks to God and to their friends.3.[单选题]— Hello, may I talk to the manager about the price?— _______________ .
A.Sorry, he is out at the moment
B.No, you can't
C.Sorry, you can't
D.I don't know
正确答案:————
4.[单选题]________ is well-known to all, too much stress can cause disease.
A.Which
B.It
C.That
D.As
正确答案:————
5.[单选题]---- I’d like to take you to the coffee house on the corner.---- _________________.
A.Thank you. You shouldn’t do that
B.Thanks. I’d like to go with you
C.No, you can’t say so
D.No, no. You can’t do that
正确答案:————
6.[单选题]— Hello, I'd like to speak to Mark, please.— ___________________ .
A.Yes, I'm Mark
B.This is Mark speaking
C.It's me here
D.It's me here
正确答案:————
7.[单选题]—This book is really excellent. I enjoy it very much.—_____________
A.I have just finished a novel.
B.What is it about?
C.I found it in a small bookstore.
D.When did you start reading?
正确答案:————
8.[单选题]It is the _____ in that country for women to marry young.
A.hobby
B.habit
C.condition
D.custom
正确答案:————
9.[单选题]---- Please help yourself to the fish.---- ____________.
A.Thanks, but I don’t like fish
B.Sorry, I can’t help
C.Well, fish don’t suit me
D.No, I can’t
正确答案:————
10.[单选题]2. The basic features of the communication process are identified in one question: Who says _______ through what channel to whom?
A.how
B.when
C.what
D.such
正确答案:————
11.[单选题]Mary ______ for Shanghai for I saw her a moment ago.
A.can’t have gone
B.can’t have left
C.may not have gone
D.may not have left
正确答案:————
12.[单选题]The chairman was in ______ of the suggestion.
A.favor
B.favors
C.favorite
D.favorites
正确答案:————
13.[单选题]He’s determined to finish the job _______ long it takes.
A.no matter
B.however
C.wherever
D.whatever
正确答案:————
14.[单选题]Be quiet! It’s rude to _______ people when they are speaking.
A.protect
B.introduce
C.prevent
D.interrupt
正确答案:————
15.[单选题]20. _______ receiving financial support from family, community or the government is allowed, it is never admired.
A.As
B.Once
C.Although
D.Lest
正确答案:————
16.[单选题]2. According to the American federal government, residents of Hawaii have the longest life _______:77.2 years.
A.rank
B.span
C.scale
D.scope
正确答案:————
17.[单选题]The engineer began to work the ______ he arrived at the factory.
A.moment
B.way
C.time
D.manner
正确答案:————
In 1954 a turning point in medical history, resulting from applied bionics (仿生学), was the first “open heart” surgery done in Minneapolis, Minnesota, by Dr. W. Lillehei’s techniques, which for the first time allowed the patient to be operated on while blood was supplied to the patient from a donor. Today “open heart” surgery, using more complicated methods and bionic devices, is common in the United States.Important technological advances such as those already mentioned have encouraged scientists to develop the artificial heart. Early in 1993, in its first use by a human patient, a medical team at the University of Utah Medical Center replaced the diseased heart by a Javik-7.The world watched amazedly as television pictures of Dr. Clark showed he improved steadily after the surgery. His continued life demonstrated that a bionic device could imitate the action and function of a healthy heart. Dr. Clark lived for 112 days.Life-like or bionic machines have existed for several centuries. The development of tools by man’s ancestors is a good example of the application of bionics to extend human capabilities. Modern bionic research is especially involved in prosthetic (修复术的) devices that substitute for, or replace lost or diseased body parts such as arms, legs, and eyes.Recent advances in electronics have enabled scientists to make better use of electrical impulses in the control of prosthetic devices. One interesting research project is the development of an artificial eye in which video signals are transformed into light patterns that are sent into nerve receptors in the patient.The future for applied bionics seems to be promising. Existing bionic devices will become smaller, faster, and more effective. The artificial heart used for Dr. Clark is only one of experimental replacement devices. It is likely to be joined in the future by replacements for other internal systems or organs. Bionic livers, stomachs, and lungs are not impossibilities!
（4.0 分）1. Which of the following does this passage mainly discuss?
A．The application of bionics.B．The first “open heart” surgery.C．The development of the artificial heart.D． The future of applied bionics.（4.0 分）2. According to the passage, it was Dr. C. W. Lillehei who ______.A．first developed applied bionicsB．was the first to operate on the heart of a patientC．developed the artificial heartD．used more sophisticated methods to do “open heart” surgery（4.0 分）3. By “Dr. Clark lived for 112 days”, the author most probably means that ______.A．the replacement of Dr. Clark’s heart was a failureB．there was still a long way to go in applied bionicsC．applied bionics was promisingD．the first artificial heart was most effective（4.0 分）4. The control of artificial devices is improving because ______.A．video signals can be transformed into light patternsB．bionic machines have existed for centuriesC．artificial devices such as arms, legs, and eyes require better control than bionic machinesD．science has made great advances in electronics（4.0 分）5. The author’s attitude towards applied bionics is ______.A．criticalB．approvingC．objectiveD．questioning
Increasingly, over the past ten years, people — especially young people — have become aware of the need to change their eating habit, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed food, is not good for the health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods: foods which do not contain chemical addictives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers, widely used in farming today.Natural foods, for example, are vegetable, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil and are rich in organic matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amount — but not the quality — of foods grown in commercial farming areas.Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures. Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry: there are battery farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowdedly together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food; they also produce eggs which lack important vitamins.There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually a nonessential food! Although a natural alternative, such as honey, can be used to sweeten food if this is necessary, we can in fact do without it. It is not that sugar is harmful in itself. But it does seem to be addictive: the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two centuries and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds a year! Yet all it does is to provide us with energy, in the form of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals, and no fiber.It is significant that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fiber has been removed. But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the emphasis is placed on the eating of whole wheat bread and more vegetables by modern experts on “healthy eating”.
（4.0 分）6. This passage is mainly concerned with ______.A．people’s growing interest in natural foodsB．natural food and healthy dietC．the importance of fiber in foodsD．harmful effects of sugar（4.0 分）7. The passage tells us that ______.A．sugar is bad for the healthB． the use of sugar is habit formingC．people need sugar to give them energyD．sugar provides us with nothing useful（4.0 分）8. Which of the following is a reason for people’s growing interest in natural foods?A．They want to return to nature.B．They want to eat all kinds of foods.C．Natural foods are very deliciousD．They are more health conscious.（4.0 分）9. Food that is rich in organic matter ______.A．has been nourished by fertilizersB． contains vegetable matter that has not been consumedC． has had chemicals and fertilizer added to itD．contains large quantities of vitamins（4.0 分）10.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A．Chickens are fed on food which is little better than garbage.B．Chickens live in very crowded conditionC．The eggs chickens produce lack vitamins.D．Chickens are free to move about.
（15.0 分）Thanksgiving Day on the fourth Thursday of November is uniquely an American holiday. It26A.richB.datesC.celebratedD.plantE.withoutback to the arrival of some of the first European settlers in the New World. America has been blessed with27A.richB.datesC.celebratedD.plantE.withoutland and rich natural resources. However, those early settlers would not have survived their first cold winter28A.richB.datesC.celebratedD.plantE.withoutthe help of their native Indian neighbors, who taught them how to29A.richB.datesC.celebratedD.plantE.withoutcorns, and how to hunt wild deer. The first Thanksgiving Day was30A.richB.datesC.celebratedD.plantE.withoutafter the autumn harvest, and people gave thanks to God and to their friends.
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