大工20春《专业英语(计算机英语)》复习资料 (8)
专业英语(计算机英语)辅导资料十三主 题:课件第11章Database Management学习时间:2020年6月22日--6月28日
“不忘初心、牢记使命”主题理论学习:
每周文摘:守初心,就是要牢记全心全意为人民服务的根本宗旨,以坚定的理想信念坚守初心,牢记人民对美好生活的向往就是我们的奋斗目标;以真挚的人民情怀滋养内心,时刻不忘我们党来自人民、根植人民,人民群众的支持和拥护是我们胜利前进的不竭力量源泉;以牢固的公仆意识践行初心,永远铭记人民是共产党的衣食父母,共产党人是人民的勤务员,永远不能脱离群众、轻视群众、漠视群众疾苦。
摘选自《在“不忘初心、牢记使命”主题教育工作会议上的讲话》
内 容:
本周我们将学习课件第11章Database Management。希望通过下面的内容能使同学们加深对本章相关知识点的理解。
重点掌握内容:
1.重点:理解数据库的基本概念与术语、掌握DBMS及其组织技术、掌握英文摘要的写作技巧。
2.难点:掌握DBMS及其组织技术。
课程任务:
熟读全文,参照译文理解全文大意,完成课后习题。一、New Words & Expressions:
facilitate 使容易,促进
retrieval n. 检索
field n. 字段
record 记录
alphabetically 按字母顺序地
chronologically 按年代顺序排列地
break down v. 分解
build up 建造,装配,组成
encyclopedia n. 百科全书
reference n. 涉及,参考,引用
bibliography 书目,参考书目
periodical n. 期刊,杂志
literature n. 文献,著作
professional n. 专业人员,专家
sequential 顺序的,连续的
integrate vt. 综合,使成整体
access v. 访问
retrieve v.找回,检索
employ v.使用,雇用
list structure 链表结构
invoice n. 发票
pointer n.指针
hierarchical structure 树结构
subordinate adj. 从属的
network structure 网状结构
relational structure 关系结构
physical structure 物理结构二、知识点讲解
1、Database (sometimes spelled data base) is also called an electronic database, referring to any collections of data, or information, that is specially organized for rapid search and retrieval by a computer.
数据库(有时拼成 data base)也称为电子数据库,是指由计算机特别组织的用于快速查找和检索的任意的数据或信息集合。
2、A database consists of a file or a set of files. The information in these files may be broken down into records, each of which consists of one or more fields.
一个数据库由一个文件或文件集合组成。这些文件中的信息可分解成一个个记录,每个记录由一个或多个域组成。
3、Fields are the basic units of data storage, and each field typically contains information pertaining to (属于,关于) one aspect or attribute of the entity described by the database.
域是数据存储的基本单位,每个域一般含有与数据库描述的实体有关的一个方面或一个特性的信息。
4、Relational databases are used where associations among files or records cannot be expressed by links; a simple flat list becomes one table, or “relation”, and multiple relations can be mathematically associated to yield desired information.
当多个文件或记录间的关系不能用链表达时,使用关系型数据库。一个简单的非结构列表变成一个表或一个“关系” 。多个关系可通过数学关系提供所需的信息。
5、Object-oriented databases store and manipulate more complex data structures, called “objects”, which are organized into hierarchical classes that may inherit properties from classes higher in the chain; this database structure is the most flexible and adaptable.
面向对象的数据库存储并处理更复杂的称为对象的数据结构,对象可组织成有层次的类,其中的每个类可以继承层次链中更高一级类的特性,这种数据库结构最灵活,最具适应性。
6、Logical Structures. Identifying these logical relationships is a job of the data administrator. A data definition language(DDL) is used for this purpose.
逻辑结构。确定这些逻辑关系是数据管理者的任务,由数据定义语言(DDL)完成。
7、Hierarchical (tree) structures. In this logical approach, data units are structured in multiple levels that graphically resemble an “upside down” (or inverted 倒置的) tree with the root at the top and the branches formed below.
层次(树型)结构。该逻辑方式中,数据单元的多级结构图示类似一棵“倒立”的树,该树的树根在顶部,而树枝向下延伸。
8、Network Structures. Unlike the tree approach, which does not permit the connection of branches, the network structure permits the connection of the nodes in a multidirectional manner.
网状结构。网状结构不像树型结构那样不允许树枝相连,它允许节点间多个方向连接。
9、Relational structures. A relational structure is made up of many two-dimensional tables called relations. The data are stored in the form of "relations" in these tables. 关系型结构。关系型结构由许多二维表(称为关系)组成,数据则以“关系”的形式存储在这些表中。三、本节例题
1、The first computers used ( ) for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms.
A. vacuum tubes
B. transistors
C. integrated circuits
D. microprocessors
分析及解答:A
第一代计算机的主要特点是:采用电子管作基础元件;使用汞延迟线作存储设备,后来逐渐过渡到用磁芯存储器;输入、输出设备主要是用穿孔卡片,用户使用起来很不方便;系统软件还非常原始,用户必须掌握用类似于二进制机器语言进行编程的方法。因此答案选A.
2、( ) are the peripherals that allow users to enter data, programs, commands, and user responses into a computer and transform them into a suitable form for processing.
A. RAM
B. ROM
C. Input devices
D. Memory
分析及解答:C
输入设备(InputDevice)是人或外部与计算机进行交互的一种装置,用于把原始数据和处理这些数的程序输入到计算机中。计算机能够接收各种各样的数据,既可以是数值型的数据,也可以是各种非数值型的数据,如图形、图像、声音等都可以通过不同类型的输入设备输入到计算机中,进行存储、处理和输出。四、课后习题,完型填空
Software design is a 1 process. It requires a certain 2 of flair on the part of the designer. Design cannot be learned from a book. It must be practiced and learnt by experience and study of existing systems. A well 3 software system is straight-forward to implement and maintain, easily4 and reliable. Badly designed software system, although they may work, are 5 to be expensive to maintain, difficult to test and unreliable.
1、A. create
B.created
C. creating
D. creative
2、A. amount
B. amounted
C. mount
D. mounted
3、A. design
B. designed
C. designing
D. designs
4、A. understand
B.understands
C.understanding
D. understood5、A. like
B. likely
C. unlike
D. unlikely
答案: 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. B五、第十二次辅导资料课后习题答案1、答案:C
2、翻译
(1)免费软件是无附加任何条件的可以免费使用的软件。
(2)通常高级语言都可以被解释或编译。
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