大工20春《专业英语(计算机英语)》复习资料 (5)
专业英语(计算机英语)辅导资料十二主 题：第10章 Computer and Network Security学习时间：2020年6月15日--6月21日
“不忘初心、牢记使命”主题理论学习：
每周文摘：信仰、信念、信心，任何时候都至关重要。小到一个人、一个集体，大到一个政党、一个民族、一个国家，只要有信仰、信念、信心，就会愈挫愈奋、愈战愈勇，否则就会不战自败、不打自垮。无论过去、现在还是将来，对马克思主义的信仰，对中国特色社会主义的信念，对实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的信心，都是指引和支撑中国人民站起来、富起来、强起来的强大精神力量。
摘选自《在庆祝改革开放40周年大会上的讲话》、习近平《论全面深化改革》
内 容：
本周我们将学习课件第10章Computer and Network Security第2、3节。希望通过下面的内容能使同学们加深对本章相关知识点的理解。
重点掌握内容：
1．重点：掌握useful terms and definitions of computer security、掌握comparison offour kinds of computer security breaches、掌握firewall的概念、了解数据加密、解密的原理、了解科技论文标题的写法
2．难点：掌握计算机入侵的特点和破坏安全的四种类型、掌握Encryption，Decryption，firewall的基本概念。
课程任务：
1. 背诵本文中出现的新单词、词组，理解其含义。
2. 完成课后阅读。一、New Words & Expressions:
cryptography n. 密码学(术)
encryption n. 加密，编密码
cipher n. 密码（钥）, 加密程序
decrypt v.解密
transit n. v.通行（过），运输
plaintext n. 明文
cyphertext n. 密文
scheme n. 计划，方案
secret-key 秘钥
public-key 公钥
symmetric a. 对称的
asymmetric a. 不对称的
data integrity 数据完整性
session key 会话密钥
crack v. 解开，裂开
hacker 黑客，计算机窃贼
encode v.编码
triple-encryption三重加密
built-in 内在(固有)的
state-of-the-art 最新的
proliferate v. 增生，扩散
firewall n. 防火墙
offensive a. 无理的，攻击性的
hacker n. 黑客
filter v. 过滤，滤过，渗入
private 私有的，秘密地
packet n. 小包，信息包
employee n. 职员，雇工
telnet n. 远程登录
traffic n. 流量
proxy n. 代理
retrieve v. 检索
match n.比较，匹配，符合
customizable 可定制的
block n. 妨碍，阻碍
port n. 端口
bug n. 故障，（程序）错误
unsolicited 主动提供的，任意型的
junk n.垃圾，无用数据
spam n. 垃圾邮件
counter v. 还击，驳回
session n. 会话
inundate v. 淹没
macro [计]宏指令，宏功能
virus n. 病毒二、Abbreviations :
DES (Data Encryption System) 数据加密系统
DCE ( Distributed Computing Environment) 分布式计算环境
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) 超文本传输协议
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) 文件传输协议
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) 简单邮件传送协议
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) 网际控制报文协议
三、Reading Materials:
Searching the Web
There are many different ways to search the World Wide Web. So where do you start? The first thing you need to do is access a search engine. Fortunately there are several free search engines on the web. These engines provide you with a database of pages on the World Wide Web. Unfortunately, there is no one search engine that is the best for every type of search. Instead I recommend that you learn how to use a couple different search engines and then access one of these based on the type of search you want to perform.
Select Using Search Engines from the Table of Contents on the left. This section will provide you with basic instructions on using several different search Engines. The remaining sections provide links to a wide variety of different types of search engines and information. Explore these after you have learned how to use some of the different search engines.
Notes:
WWW：World Wide Web, 万维网
search engine：探索引擎
Explore：探测Privacy Policies
A Web site’s privacy policy tells you what kind of information the Web site collects to whom it gives that information, and how it uses the information. Personally identifiable information is information that can be used to identify or contact you, such as your name, e-mail address, home or work address, or telephone number. However, a Web site only has access to the personally identifiable information that you provide, or o the choices you make while visiting a Web site. For example, a Web site cannot determine your e-mail name unless you provide it. A Web site cannot gain access to other information on your computer. If a Web site collects personally identifiable information, it may store the information in a cookie, a small file that it saves on your computer.
Many Web sites provide privacy statements as written documents that you can view on the Internet. Web sites also might provide a Platform for Privacy Preference Project (P3P) privacy policy. If a Web site has a P3P privacy policy, Internet Explorer can display it. Internet Explorer can also compare your privacy settings to a representation of the P3P privacy policy ad determine whether or not to allow the Web site to save cookies on your computer.
Notes:
Privacy policy：隐私策略
Identifiable：可以确认的
Access：访问，入门
Cookie：保存在本地机器上的小文件
P3P(Platform for Privacy reference Project)：隐私权选择平台方案四、本节例题
（一）单选题
1、Which one is an image-editing tool? ( )
A. Photoshop
B. Word
C. Extreme 3D
D. Premiere
分析及解答：A
本题旨在考查学生对“image-editing tool”影像编辑工具的理解。下面四个选项中，photoshop是著名图象处理软件，是由Adobe公司开发的图形处理系列软件之一，主要应用于在图像处理、广告设计的一个电脑软件。Microsoft Word，属于办公软件，人们日常生活都有可能接触到他，对他并不陌生。 wordMicrosoft Word是微软公司的一个文字处理器应用程序。Extreme 3D，这个工具 主要功能就是对从建模工具（3DS MAX）中建立的场景模型进行分组和处理。Premiere同样是由大名鼎鼎的ADOBE公司推出的专业视频处理软件。综合以上分析，本题答案为A。（二）翻译
⑴The operating system is the program that manages a computer's resources.
参考译文：
操作系统是管理计算机资源的程序。
⑵A gateway is a network point that acts as an entrance to another network.
参考译文：
网关是进入其他网络的一个网点。五、课后习题（答案将在第十三次辅导资料中给出）
1、Which of the following is an E-mail address? ( )
A. cs.sc.edu.cn
B. rec.arts.sf.movies
C. tom@sicnu.edu.cn
D. www.asp.com
考点分析：
本题旨在考查学生对邮件E-mail日常办公软件的掌握情况。2、翻译
⑴Freeware is software that is available for free with no strings attached.
⑵In general, higher-level languages can be either interpreted or compiled.
考点分析：
翻译主要是考察学生对简单专业英语词汇和句子的掌握情况。
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