《物流英语模拟题2及参考答案》山东大学20春课程作业答案
物流英语B术语翻译
Translate the following terms into Chinese or English.
(A) From English to Chinese
1.material handling
2.consumer products
3.variable costs
4.Documents against Acceptance
5.liner market
(B) From Chinese to English
1.包装
2.库存成本
3.保险
4.运费费率
5.集装箱码头，（航空货汽车运输）站点
任何物流都是它的各种成分的完美组合，这是非常不可能的。这可能是一个物流计划失误的意外结果，或者只不过是承认任何事情都很少达到一个理想的结果。几乎总会有某些元素的折衷必然会形成一个最优组合，而不是一个理想化的。如果采购过程没有于整个的运作完全的整合的话，就可能会出现这种情况：采购部门发现一个机会可以购买一批低于预算成本的原材料从而降低成本。然而，如果这些便宜的原材料结果还需要另外的加工才能获得所需的产出，那么额外的加工费用可能会超出购买时所节省的花费。而且便宜的材料还可能无法达到要求的耐久标准，从而会导致服务的失败，那么又是一笔额外的支出，甚至会导致完全的失败。
在某些正在开发的地区可以得到一些特别的津贴，从而使公司可以较为便宜地安装设备。然而，这些地区可能将会距离产品的市场很远，所以尽管厂房建设的成本降低了，运送产品到市场的运输费用却增加了。家长可以把他们的孩子送到任何一个可以接收他们的学校，不仅仅是本地的。这为选择提供了一个重要的因素，然而却造成了由于“学校接送”而产生的拥挤和污染。做出生活在村镇而工作在城市的决定也产生了类似的问题。
由国家和地方政府计划者制定的土地使用决定时本来打算考虑运输的影响（反之亦然，土地使用也同样影响着运输基础设施的项目），却经常事与愿违，那些经常被选中的地方不仅地区的特点遭到了破坏，而且其运输基础设施适应新需求的能力也被严重的影响了。
物流与市场导向有极为相似的目标和哲学体系。它们都关注满足顾客要求——不管那是什么。物流观点并不关注为了迎合输入的方便而限制产出（像产品导向那样），而是关心去做所有必要的事情来提供所需的输出（顾客满意），不考虑有多难。
当然，这是一种理想化的情形，而在现实中不得不考虑一些限制条件，物流的关注点就是要寻找方法来最小化这些限制。这需要关于管理和组织的特定的特征，这些我们在下一节中将会讲到。
物流学科涉及对一整套事务的管理，这些事务几乎全部是被一个派生的服务需求所支配，而这些服务对于满足顾客的初始需求是必要的。在现代经济中，任何产品和服务都可能有很多近似的替代品，所有这些都同样适合。当遇到这种情况的时候，顾客将会根据整个购买（使用）经历来做出其购买决定，这就意味着整个供应链的性能都是重要的。英译汉
Translate the following sentences into Chinese .(10 points)
1. Basic customer service is defined in terms of availability, performance and reliability.
2. In many countries, taxes are levied on the average inventory level on a specific day of the year.
3. For the time being we are concerned only with the question of how much we have to pay for obsolescence cost.
4. The idea of supply chain management was first put forward in the 1980s on the basis of experience and lessons from the practice.
简答题
Answer the following questions in English .
1.How many sectors of economic activities are involved in logistics? What are they?
2.What does supply management mean for most organizations?
参考答案：
术语翻译
From English to Chinese
1.材料搬运 2.产品消费 4.可变成本
4.承兑交单 5.班轮市场
(B) From Chinese to English
1.packaging 2.inventory cost 3.insurance
4.Transportation Rate(s) 5.terminal
汉译英
It is very unlikely that any logistics will be a perfect mix of all its various components. This may be the accidental result of a failure of proper logistic planning or it may be simply recognition that there is only infrequently anything approaching an ideal solution. There will almost always be some element of ‘trade-off’ necessary to create an optimum, rather than an ideal, combination. If the procurement process is not fully integrated with operations the situation may arise that the purchasing department see an opportunity to reduce cost by buying a consignment of raw material at lower than budgeted cost. However, if this cheap raw material turns out to need additional machining to achieve the desired finish, the extra machining cost may well outweigh the saving in purchase price. The cheap material may also not be to the required durability standard and may fail in service, again with additional cost or even a tragedy.
Special grants are available in some areas that are earmarked for development so that companies can set up an installation cheaply. However, these areas, by definition, will be remote from the marketplace for the goods produced so, although the construction cost of the plant will be lower, there will be an increased transportation cost of moving the goods to market. Parents can choose to send their children to any school that will take them, not only the local one. This gives an important element of choice but the consequence is the congestion and pollution that is generated by the ‘school run’. The decision to live in the country and work in the city poses a similar problem.
Land-use decisions made by national and local planners are meant to take account of the transportation impact (and also, vice versa, the land-use implications of transportation infrastructure projects), but all too often do not and sites for development are frequently chosen that, as well as destroying the character of the area, have very serious impacts on the ability of the transportation infrastructure to cope with the additional demand. Using storage to enable steady production may result in avoidance of the cost involved in stop-start production but there is a cost of storage, including the cost of the land and buildings used but also the cost of protecting the goods from theft or damage.
Logistics and market orientation have very similar aims and philosophies. Both are concerned with providing customer satisfaction – whatever that takes. The logistics philosophy is not concerned with constraining the outcome in order to meet the convenience of the inputs (as product orientation may be), but with doing whatever is necessary to provide the required output (customer satisfaction) irrespective of the difficulties involved.
An idealized view and in reality there are constraints that have to be recognized, but the focus of logistics is on looking for ways to minimize those constraints. This requires certain features in terms of management and the organization and we look at those in the next section. The discipline of logistics is concerned with managing a whole range of issues that are almost entirely governed by a derived demand for services that are necessary for the satisfaction of the customer’s primary demand. In modern economies there may be several close substitutes for any given goods or services, all of which are equally suitable. When this happens customer’s base their buying decisions on the total buying (and using) experience and this means that performance of the whole supply-chain is important.
英译汉
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. 基本的客户服务是从可得性、绩效和可靠性三个方面来衡量的。
2. 许多国家按一年中某一特定的日子的平均库存水平征收税款。
3. 这里我们只关心我们要有多少无形损耗费得问题。
4. 供应链管理的概念最早出现在20世纪80年代，是在总结过去实践活动的经验和教训的基础上提出的。
简答题
1. How many sectors of economic activities are involved in logistics? What are they?
Generally there are eight economic sector involved in logistics.
They are packaging, warehousing, material handling, transport, and forecasting, strategic Planning and customer service.
2. What does supply management mean for most organizations?
Every organizations, whether it is a manufacturer, wholesaler or retailer, buys materials, services and supplies to support its operation.
For most organizations, supply management means purchasing.
In man firms, purchasing has been as a clerical activity.
However, the emergence of the supply chain management concept has enlightened many managers about the strategic role played by purchasing.
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