西南大学18秋[0085]英语阅读二作业
00851、Hopabusand<u>hangout</u>downtownforafewhours.
relax
shop
date
puton
参考答案：relax；
2、Goeatsomethingbalancedandhealthy:fruitsand<u>veggie</u>.
grains
juice
meat
vegetable
参考答案：vegetable；
3、Apatientcameinwithabreasttumor.TheclinicstaffgotherconnectedtoSt.Luke’s“compassionatesystem”forthoseinfinancialneed.Shegot<u>treatment</u>andisnowthreeyearspastherdiagnosis.
management
judgment
dealing
cure
参考答案：cure；
4、WhenIfirstsawher,shewaswalkingacrosstheschoolplayground.Istood<u>motionless</u>asifstunned,followingherwithmyeyes.
shocked
still
astonished
emotionless
5、Eurobillswillbe<u>uniform</u>throughouttheeuroarea.Alleurocountrieswillusethesamecurrency.
D.united
same
unlike
exchangeable
6、Gettoknowhowyourhelpful<u>demeanor</u>maybecausingmorestressinyourlife.
contribution
suggestion
supply
behaviour
7、Thebiologicalclockisatermappliedtothebrainprocesswhichcausesustohave24-hour<u>fluctuations</u>inbodytemperature,hormonesecretion,andahostofotherbodilyactivities.
B.changes
stability
alertness
functions
8、Fewerpartscanmeanfewerproblems.Rogerssaystheminimalistmachineis<u>rocksolid</u>andsqueakfree.
solidfree
likearock
extremelyfirm
notsolid
9、Theirfamiliaritywiththecommunitycameinhandyingetting<u>donated</u>equipment,examtables,evenspaceinthechurch.
contributed
suggested
received
awarded
10、Theindividualsareathighriskforsomesortofaccidentinvolvingunintendedsleepor<u>impaired</u>performancewithoutenoughsleep.
steady
reduced
repeated
perfect
11、Itnow“<u>denotes</u>membershipinacommunityofsharedorcommonlaw,whichmayormaynotbeidenticalwithaterritorialcommunity.”
excludes
clarifies
means
supports
12、Thefundraiser’sgoal,shesaid,isaround$20,000.Amongotherthings,<u>proceeds</u>willbuymedicationstheclinicdoesn’thaveinstock.
products
process
profits
donations
13、“Hehelpedalotofpeople.Hewas<u>compassionate</u>,”saidBlanchard.
sympathetic
affecting
pathetic
enthusiastic
14、Thecitizenappearseitherastheprimarypoliticalagentorasanindividualwhoseprivateactivitiesleavelittletimeor<u>inclination</u>toengageactivelyinpolitics.
decision
willingness
hope
choice
15、Butcitizenexercisethesefreedomsprimarilyintheworldofprivateassociationsandattachments,ratherthaninthepolitical<u>domain</u>.
area
organization
address
environment
16、Evenifthey’re<u>eligible</u>forinsurance,clinicpatientscan’taffordevenmodestco-pays.
A.enable
capable
entitled
ensured
17、Whenheisalldaywaitingforhisgirlfriendtocall,heis<u>onedge</u>.
nervous
uncertain
indanger
calm
18、Icould<u>envision</u>morecomprehensivereformproposalsthatwouldbeabletobroadencoverageandbringdowncosts.
visit
carryout
envy
imagine
19、Youmaybestressedaboutoneparticularthing:afinalpaper<u>due</u>Monday,aclasspresentation<u>due</u>Thursday.
owing
suitable
scheduled
extendedto
20、ArecentsurveyofStanfordundergraduatesrevealedthattheirnumberonecomplaintwasnotgettingenoughsleep!Ihearda<u>validation</u>ofthiscomplaintfromthelipsofawell-knownalumnus,TigerWoods.
proof
reason
origin
majority
21、Shedidnotknow;itwastoosubtleand<u>elusive</u>toname.
clear
difficult
exclusive
vague
22、Wefoundthat80percentweredangerouslysleep<u>deprived</u>,andtheywereathighriskforsomesortofaccidentduetoseriouslackofsleep.
C.ceaselessly
fast
soundly
lack
23、Membersofastrongonlinecommunity<u>submit</u>andrefineideasforproduct.
reward
reject
approveof
putforward
24、Now,toolate,camethedawningrealizationthatIhad<u>unwittingly</u>damnedmyselftoahellfromwhichtherewasnoescape.
E.unconsciously
unwisely
crazily
unwillingly
25、A<u>custom</u>printerwascreatedforthecarintheOakRidgeNationalLab.
traditional
consumer
specifically-tailored
high-tech
26、Theinterestsofbothpartiesmaynotbe<u>identical</u>,buttheydooverlapinaway.
distinguishable
absolute
exactlythesame
exchangeable
27、“Isawthefullspectrum,the<u>disparity</u>betweenthehavesandthehave-nots,”Blanchardsaid.
difference
disagreement
gulf
contrast
28、“Goaway.Iamnotmakingmyselfill.”No;shewasdrinkinginavery<u>elixir</u>oflifethroughthatopenwindow.
magictonic
sweetenwater
medicine
effect
29、Errors,accidents,injuries,deaths,and<aname="OLE_LINK10"></a><aname="OLE_LINK9"><u>catastroph</u></a><u>e</u>scanbetheresult,nottomentionpoorgrades.
sadness
illness
disaster
pain
30、LocalMotors,thePhoenix-basedautomotiveandindustrialdesignandmanufacturing<u>outfit</u>wasoneofthepioneersofcloud-basedco-creation,...
clothing
equipment
getup
suit
31、Therestood,facingtheopenwindow,acomfortable,<u>roomy</u>armchair.
soft
warm
space
large
32、Itwashewhohadbeeninthenewspaperofficewhen<u>intelligence</u>oftherailroaddisasterwasreceived,withBrentlyMallard’snameleadingthelistof“killed.”
intellect
information
knowledge
wisdom
33、The<u>elevated</u>sleeptendencytogetherwiththeassociateddrowsinessandanintensedesireforsleepwouldordinarilypreventmostpeoplefrombecomingdangerouslysleepdeprived.
F.regulated
diminished
repressed
increased
34、IfoundmyselfalittlewhileagoinoneofthelargestAmericanprisons.Itwaslikeastonecastle,itshightowerswatchedbyguardswithguns.Ihadbeenthereseveraltimesbefore,onearliervisitstotheUSA.ButthistimeIhadcometoseeoneparticularprisoner.Hewasnineteenandaftertwoyearsbyhimselfinoneroomwasawaitingexecutionformurder.Hehadjustheardtheresultofafreshtrial.Hewastoservelifeimprisonmentinstead.Hewaswhite-facedandtalkative,aboywhohadfailedinhighschoolandhadalltooeasilygotcaughtupinanight’sadventurethathadendedwithburningdownbuildings,twodeathsandthosetwoyearsawaitingdeath.Thisprisonisnoworsethanmanyothersanditiscertainlybetterthansome.Afteryouhavepassedthroughthecomplicatedseriesofgatesanddoorsandtheelectronicinstrumentshavecheckedthatyouhavenometalonyourperson—thatyouhavenoguninfact—youenterwithinthewalls.Atonceyouareastonishedatthedifferencebetweenthestrictcontrolsoutsideandcuriouslyeasy-goingwayoflifeinside.Herearemenwalkingabout,oftensmokingcigars;thefootballteamisbeingtrainedonthefield;thereisagooddealofstandingaroundwaitingforsomethingtohappen.Andofcoursethingsdohappen:asuddenshout,arushtothewatertower,amadclimbtoitstop,senselessdisobediencefordays.Butthisissomehowasymbolforabiggersenselessnessthanthat.ThistimeIwaswonderingwhattwentyyears(andthatwouldbetheminimum)mightmeanforoneboypushedintothisorganizedidleness.
notdoingwhatheistoldto
notdoingwhatisnecessary
makingalotofnoise
doingwhateverhelikes
Thepunishmenthadbeenchangedfromdeathtolifeimprisonment.
Thepunishmenthadbeenchangedfromlifeimprisonmenttodeath.
Theyweretakingtheprisonerouttobeexecuted.
Theyweretakinghimoutforafreshtrial
Greatlysurprised.
Frightened.
Disappointed.
Pleased.
anythingmoreseriousthanalltheabove
asuddenrushtothewatertower
disobediencefordays
amadclimbtothetower’stop
foolish
averygoodone
fairlybadbutmightbeevenworse
goodbutcouldbeevenbetter
35、ManyAmericansharbouragrosslydistortedandexaggeratedviewofmostoftheriskssurroundingfood.FergusClydesdale,headofthedepartmentoffoodscienceandnutritionattheUniversityofMassachusetts-Amherst,saysbluntlythatifthedangersfrombacteriallycontaminatedchickenwereasgreatassomepeoplebelieve,“thestreetswouldbelitteredwithpeoplelyinghereandthere.”Thoughthepublicincreasinglydemandsno-riskfood,thereisnosuchthing.BruceAmes,chairmanofthebiochemistrydepartmentattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,pointsoutthatupto10%ofaplant’sweightismadeupofnaturalpesticides.Sayshe:“Sinceplantsdonothavejawsorteethtoprotectthemselves,theyemploychemicalwarfare.”Andmanynaturallyproducedchemicals,thoughoccurringintinyamounts,proveinlaboratoryteststobestrongcarcinogens—asubstancewhichcancausecancer.Mushroomsmightbebannediftheywerejudgedbythesamestandardsthatapplytofoodadditives.DeclaresChristinaStark,anutritionistatCornellUniversity:“We’vegotfarworsenaturalchemicalsinthefoodsupplythananythingman-made.”Yettheissuesarenotthatsimple.WhileAmericanshavenoreasontobeterrifiedtositdownatthedinnertable,theyhaveeveryreasontodemandsignificantimprovementsinfoodandwatersafety.Theyunconsciouslyandunwillinglytakeintoomuchoftoomanydangerouschemicals.Iffoodalreadycontainsnaturalcarcinogens,itdoesnotmakemuchsensetoadddozensofnewman-madeones.Thoughmostpeoplewillwithstandthesmallamountsofcontaminantsgenerallyfoundinfoodandwater,atleastafewindividualswillprobablygetcanceronedaybecauseofwhattheyeatanddrink.Tomakegoodfoodandwatersuppliesevenbetter,theGovernmentneedstotightenitsregulatorystandards,stiffenitsinspectionprogramandstrengthenitsenforcementpolicies.Thefoodindustryshouldmodifysomelong-acceptedpracticesorturntolesshazardousalternatives.Perhapsmostimportant,consumerswillhavetodoabetterjoboflearninghowtohandleandcookfoodproperly.Theproblemsthatneedtobetackledexistallalongthefood-supplychain,fromfieldstoprocessingplantstokitchens.
nofoodisfreefrompollutionintheenvironment
almostallfoodshaveadditives
manyvegetablescontaindangerousnaturalchemicals
pesticidesarewidelyusedinagriculture
farmersuseman-madechemicalstodissolvethenaturalchemicalsinplants
plantsabsorbusefulchemicalstopromotetheirgrowth
farmersusechemicalstoprotectplantsagainstpestsanddiseases
plantsproducecertainchemicalstocombatpestsanddiseases
Immediatemeasuresmustbetakentoimprovefoodproductionandprocessing.
Eatinganddrinkinghavebecomemorehazardousthanbefore.
Thereisreasonforcautionbutnocauseforalarmwithregardtofoodconsumption.
Healthfoodisnotadreaminmodernsociety.
theprocessor
thegovernment
thegrower
theconsumer
Theyareoveroptimisticaboutthesafetyoftheirfood.
Theyoverestimatethehazardsoftheirfood.
Theyoverlooktherisksofthefoodtheyeat.
Theyoverstatethegovernment’sinterferencewiththefoodindustry.
36、Overthelast25years,Britishsocietyhaschangedagreatdeal—oratleastmanypartsofithave.Insomeways,however,verylittlehaschanged,particularlywhereattitudesareconcerned.Ideasaboutsocialclass—whetherapersonis“working-class”or“middle-class”—areoneareainwhichchangeshavebeenextremelyslow.Inthepast,theworking-classtendedtobepaidlessthanmiddle-classpeople,suchasteachersanddoctors.Asaresultofthisandalsoofthefactthatworkers’jobsweregenerallymuchlesssecure,distinctdifferencesinlife-stylesandattitudescameintoexistence.ThetypicalworkingmanwouldcollecthiswagesonFridayeveningandthen,itwaswidelybelieved,havinggivenhiswifeher“housekeeping”,wouldgooutandsquandertherestonbeerandbetting.Thestereotypeofwhatamiddle-classmandidwithhismoneywasperhapsnearerthetruth.Hewas—andstillis—inclinedtotakealonger-termview.Notonlydidheregardbuyingahouseoftheseprovidedhimandhisfamilywithsecurity.Onlyinveryfewcasesdidworkershavetheopportunity(ortheeducationandtraining)tomakesuchlong-termplans.Nowadays,agreatdealhaschanged.Inalargenumberofcasesfactoryworkersearnasmuch,ifnotmorethantheirmiddle-classsupervisors.Socialsecurityandlawsimprovedinthiscenturyhavemadeitlessnecessarythanbeforetoworryabout“tomorrow”.Working-classpeopleseemslowlytobelosingthefeelingofinferioritytheyhadinthepast.Infacttherehasbeenagrowingtendencyinthepastfewyearsforthemiddle-classestofeelslightlyashamedoftheirposition.Thechangesinbothlife-stylesandattitudesareprobablymosteasilyseenamongstyoungerpeople.Theygenerallytendtoshareverysimilartastesinmusicandclothes,theyspendtheirmoneyinhavingagoodtime,andsaveforholidaysorlonger-termplanswhennecessary.Thereseemstobemuchlessdifferencethaninpreviousgenerations.Nevertheless,westillhaveawidegapbetweenthewell-paid(whateverthetypeofjobtheymayhave)andthelow-paid.Aslongasthisgapexists,therewillalwaysbeapossibilitythatnewconflictsandjealousieswillemerge,orratherthattheoldconflictswillre-appear,butbetweendifferentgroups.
Middle-classpeoplemaysometimesfeelinferiortoworking-classpeople.
Differenceinincomewillremainbutthoseinoccupationwilldisappear.
ChangesareslowlytakingplaceinallsectorsoftheBritishsociety.
Thegapbetweenworking-classandmiddle-classyoungpeopleisnarrowing.?
Bettersocialsecurity.
Higherlivingstandard.
Morejobopportunities.
Betterlegalprotection.
Havingprioritiesinlife.
Makinglongtermplans.
Desiringforsecurity.
Savingmoney.
Lifestyleandoccupation.
Jobsecurityandhobbies.
Attitudeandincome.
Incomeandjobsecurity.
middle-classattitudes
working-classdrinkinghabits
working-classwaysofspendingtheweekend
middle-classwaysofspendingmoney
37、Atsometimeinyourlifeyoumayhaveastrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible.However,chancesarethatyoudon’tactonyourimpulse,butletitpassinstead.Youknowthattocommittheactioniswronginsomewayandthatotherpeoplewillnotacceptyourbehavior.Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudesonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime.Topicssuchasdeath,forexample,wereonceconsideredsoupsettingandunpleasantthatitwasatabootoeventalkaboutthem.NowwiththepublicationofimportantbookssuchasOnDeathandDyingandLearningtoSayGoodbye,peoplehavebecomemoreawareoftheimportanceofexpressingfeelingsaboutdeathand,asaresult,aremorewillingtotalkaboutthistaboosubject.OneofthenewesttaboosinAmericansocietyisthetopicoffat.Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatistopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly.It’snottaboototalkaboutfat;it’stabootobefat.The“in”lookisthin,notfat.Intheworkworld,mostcompaniespreferyouthful-looking,trimexecutivestoselltheirimageaswellastheirproductstothepublic.Thethinlookisassociatedwithyouth,vigor,andsuccess.Thefatperson,ontheotherhand,isthoughtofaslazyandlackinginenergy,self-discipline,andself-respect.Inanimage-conscioussocietyliketheU.S.,thinis“in”,fatis“out”.It’snotsurprising,then,thatmillionsofAmericanshavebecomeobsessedwithstayingslimand“inshape”.Thepursuitofayouthfulphysicalappearanceisnot,however,thesolereasonforAmerica’sfascinationwithdietandexercise.Recentresearchhasshownthecriticalimportanceofdietandexerciseforpersonalhealth.Asinmosttechnologicallydevelopednations,thelife-styleofNorthAmericanshaschangeddramaticallyduringthecourseofthelastcentury.Modernmachinesdoallthephysicallaborthatpeoplewereonceforcedtodobyhand.Carsandbusestransportusquicklyfrompointtopoint.Asaresultofinactivityanddisuse,people’sbodiescaneasilybecomeweakandvulnerabletodisease.Inanefforttoavoidsuchafate,millionsofAmericansarespendingmoreoftheirtimeexercising.
thinis“youthful”,fatis“spiritless”
thinis“inside”,fatis“outside”?
thinis“diligent”,fatis“lazy”
thinis“fashionable”,fatis“unfashionable”
thesameas
morepopularthan
differentfrom
lessoftentalkedaboutthan
theencouragementtheyhavereceivedfromtheircompanies
theireagernesstostaythinandyouthful
theirchangedlife-style
theirappreciationoftheimportanceofexercise
isnotconsideredataboobymostpeople
haslongbeenataboo????
willalwaysremainataboo???
maynolongerbeataboosomeday
behaviorconsideredunacceptableinsociety’seyes
anunfavorableimpressionleftonotherpeople
acrimecommittedonimpulse
astrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible
38、EnglishpeoplearelessgeneticallydiversetodaythantheywereinthedaysoftheVikings,possiblyduetotwodeadlydiseasesthatswepttheircountrycenturiesago,anewstudysays.ThestudycomparedDNAfromancientandmodernEnglandersandfoundthatthecountryhasasmallergenepoolthanitdidathousandyearsago.ThefindingscomeincontrasttomodemEngland’sreputationasaculturalmeltingpot,whereinmanymajorcitiesyouareaslikelytohearUrdufromIndiaorYorubafromNigeriabeingspokenonthestreetsasEnglish.?RusHoelzel,ageneticistfromtheBritain’sUniversityofDurham,andhiscolleaguesobtainedDNAsamplesfromtheskeletalremainsof48ancientBritonswholivedbetweenA.D.300and1000.TheresearchersstudiedtheDNA,whichwaspasseddownfrommotherstotheirchildren.BycomparingtheDNAwiththatofthousandsofpeoplefromvariousethnicbackgroundslivinginEnglandtoday,theyfoundthatgeneticdiversitywasgreaterintheancientpopulation.TheteamalsocomparedtheancientDNAwithsamplesfrompeoplelivingincontinentalEuropeandtheMiddleEast,andfoundasimilarlackofgeneticvariety.OnepossibleexplanationforthisnarrowingofdiversitymightbetwomajoroutbreaksofplaguethatsweptEnglandandmuchofEurope—theBlackDeath(1347-1351)andtheGreatPlague(1665-1666).TheBlackDeathepidemicisestimatedtohavekilledasmuchas50percentofthepopulationofEurope.Threecenturieslater,afifthofthepopulationofLondondiedintheGreatPlague.However,thesediseasesdidn’tkillrandomly,Hoelzelexplained.“Theplaguekilledsomepeoplewhileothersremainedresistant,”hesaid.EskeWillerslev,aspecialistinancientDNAfromtheUniversityofCopenhagen,saidheissurprisedbythefindingsbutagreesthatthehistoricepidemicsmayexplainthelossindiversity.Sincethediseases,itappearsthatEnglandhasn’tbeenabletomakeupthelosstothegenepool,despitethehighrateofimmigrationintothecountryoverthepast200years.
England,EuropeancontinentandMiddle?Eastallsufferfromlackofgeneticvariety.
ThegeneticinformationcarriedbyDNAispassedtochildrenfromfathers.
TheancientDNAusedinthisstudywasgatheredfromthebonesoftheancientBritishpeople.
AlthoughmodernEnglandhashighimmigrationrate,itstillsuffersfrompoorgeneticvariety.
tooklessthanhalfofthepopulationawayinEngland
leftsomepeoplealivewithresistanceforthediseases
brokeoutbetweenthethirteenthcenturyandthesixteenthcentury
affectedEnglandmorethananyothercountriesinEurope
Englishpeoplespeakmanydifferentlanguages
Englandisfamousforexportingmeltingpot
EnglandhasaclosediplomaticrelationshipwithIndiaandNigeria
Englandhasapopulationofmanydifferentculturalorigins
WillerslevwasnotpreparedtoseethelackofgeneticvarietyinmodernEngland
thegenebankwillneedtointroducemorenewgenestomakeupforitslosses
Englandwillneedtoimmigratemorepeopletomakeupitsgeneloss
manyimmigrantsmovedtoEnglandtoseekanewlifeafterthetwodiseases
greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthegeneticcontentsintheDNA
thereislessDNAdiversityinmodernEnglishmenthanintheirancestors
modernEnglishmenhasthesameDNAdiversityastheirancestors
DNAdiffersamongdifferentpeoplefromdifferentethnicbackgrounds
39、ItisdifficultforavisitortoIndiatoavoidnoticingthepovertywhichsurroundshim.ThetruthisthatthelandwillyieldonlyenoughfoodtosupporttwothirdsofIndia’s480millionpeople.InafrankexaminationofIndianpoverty,RonaldSegalinTHECRISISOFINDIAobserves:“NotonlyistheIndianeconomyoverwhelminglyagricultural;itislessproductive,landmeasureforlandmeasure,thantheagriculturaleconomiesofmostotherstates.Toomanypeoplestruggletowrestsurvivalfromtheearth,andtheearthyieldsfartoolittleinreturn.”“ThestarkconsequenceisthatIndiaproducesonlyenoughtofeedalittlelessthantwothirdsofitspopulationadequately.Inarecentyear,withapopulationof438million,foodproductionreached78milliontons.Togetherwiththreemilliontonsofimportedfood,thispermittedanaverageconsumptionof16.5ouncesaday,or8.5ounceslessthantheessentialminimumrecommendedbynutritionists.Ifadietnecessarytosustainhealthwasprovidedforasmanypeopleaspossible,some150millionpeopleinIndiawouldhavenothingwhatsoevertoeat.Ifeveryonereceivedthesamefood,438millionpeoplewouldeatlessthantwothirdsofwhattheirbodiesrequired.Asitis,afewareabletobuymorefoodthantheyneed,somecanjustaffordthenecessarydiet,mostliveinconstant—ifmanageable—want,andmany(nooneknowshowmany,buttheyarenumberedintensofmillions)existinastateofstarvation.”AndtimeisnotonIndia’sside.Whileproductionmovesbarelyperceptibly,thepopulationgallopsalongatsomethinglike9,400,000ayear.
tosupporthisownremarks
toappealforforeignassistance
todeveloptheideainthelastparagraph
tostresstheneedforfamilyplanning
therestwouldhaveadietnecessarytosustaintheirhealth
therestwouldgethungry
therestwouldhave16.5ouncesoffoodaday
therestwouldhave8.5ounceslessthantheminimumdiet
isafactorwhichwillimprovethesituationeventually
willgraduallyremedytheshortage
isinadequatetocopewiththerisingpopulation
isnotlessthantherateofincreaseinthepopulation
320millionpeople
160millionpeople
480millionpeople
438millionpeople
arecomparativelyinefficient
arelikelytoimproveintime
needimproving
areproductivebutthepopulationgoestoofast
40、Whatisgreencoffee?BeforeDr.Ozfeatureditonhisshowthisyear,creatingaglobalconsumerfeedingfrenzy,ithadalreadybeeninvestigatedoverthirtyyearsagoforitspossibleliver-regenerating,detoxifyingandanti-cancerproperties.Thisisnottosaythatroastedcoffeedoesnothaveitsbenefitstoo.Infact,researchfromthemid-1980’sfoundthatroastingcoffeeproducesuniquecancer-suppressingcompoundsnotfoundingreencoffee.Theremayalsobeuniquemood-enhancingpropertiesintheroastedcoffeebeanassociatedwiththefat-solublecompoundknownascafestrol,whichmaynotbefound(oreasilyabsorbed)ingreencoffee.Butthisbenefitmayalsobealiabilityforthosewhomaybepronetodrinkingtoomuch,orfeeltheyarepronetobeingaddictedtohabitualcoffeeconsumption.Butonethingdefinitelyisthatgreencoffeeisfarhigherinsheerantioxidantpotentialthanroastedcoffee,andmostanythingelseweconsumeordrinkonadailybasis.Andconsideringhowstress,chemicalexposures,dietarydeficiency,allleadtoincreasingoxidativestressinthebody(whichisacauseofprematureaging,cellulardamage,andevenincreasedriskforcancers)，increasingantioxidantlevelsinourdietcanmakeaworldofdifference.Keepinmindthatgreencoffeereallyisn’tallthat“new.”ItisbelievedthatcultivationofthecoffeebeanoriginatedintheareaofArabiaontheRedSeaover900yearsago,andthatatthetime,thebeanswerenotroastedbutbrewedinamannerquitesimilartotea.So,whatarethelikelyhealthbenefitsofgreencoffee?DespitethepresentOz-generatedcrazetoidentifygreencoffeeconsumptionwithweightloss,theprimaryfindingisthatithasbeneficialbloodpressuremodulatingproperties.ItmayimproveType2Diabetestoo.Inthemostwidelypublicizedstudyongreencoffee,conductedbyDr.JoeVinsonoftheUniversityofScranton,subjectsreceivedeitherahighdosegreencoffeeextract(1050mg),alowerdose(700mg)oraplaceboforsix-weeks,followedbyatwo-weekwashoutperiodtoreduceanyinfluenceofprecedingtreatment.Primarymeasurementswerebodyweight,bodymassindex,andpercentbodyfat.Bloodpressureandheartratewerealsomeasured.Theresultswereasignificantreductioninobservedbodyweight,bodymassindex,andpercentbodyfat,aswellasasmalldecreaseinheartrate.Dr.Vinsonbelievesthatgreencoffee’suniquelyhighconcentrationofchlorogenicacidmayberesponsibleforsomeofitsobservedweight-losspromotingeffects.chlorogenicacidisknowntoincreasetheabsorptionofglucose,whichoffsetssomeoftheinsulinresistanceandbloodsugarelevationsassociatedwithtype2diabetes.Indeed,thereisasolidbodyofclinicalliteraturelinkingchlorogenicacidtothewell-knownanti-diabeticpropertiesofcoffee.So,isgreencoffeeanew“magicbullet,”orisitjustanotherfad?Wedon’tknow.But,relativetosomeofthepharmaceuticalinterventionsusedtodayto“treat”overweightandobesity,diabetesandhighbloodpressure,theresearchthusfarindicatesgreencoffeemaymakeforapromisingnaturalalternative.
Thestudylastedtotallyeightweeks.
Theinfluenceofgreencoffeeextractcouldbecompletelyreducedintwoweeks
Thesubjectsweredividedintothreegroups.
Bothgreencoffeeextractandroastedcoffeeextractwereused.
benefitbloodpressure
regenerateliver
helploseweight
helpsupporterscancer
oxidantinthebody
foodforeverymeal
anti-oxidantinthebody
chemicalexposure
theeffectivenessofgreencoffeeisstillunknown
thefutureofgreencoffeeisstillcontroversial
greencoffeemaybeusedtoreplacepharmaceuticalintervention
greencoffeeisjustanotherpharmaceuticalintervention
thecancer-suppressingpropertiesofroastedcoffee
thesuperiorityofroastedcoffeeovergreencoffee
themood-enhancingpropertiesofroastedcoffee
thefat-solutecompoundfoundinroastedcoffee
41、Itispredictedthattherewillbe5scientificbreakthroughsinthe21stcentury.We’llknowwherewecamefrom.Whydoestheuniverseexist?Toputitanotherway,whyistheresomethinginsteadofnothing?Sincethe1920s,scientistshaveknowntheuniverseinexpanding,whichmeansitmusthavestartedatadefinitetimeinthepast.Theyevenhavedevelopedtheoriesthatgiveadetailedpictureoftheevolutionoftheuniversefromthetimeitwasafractionofasecondoldtothepreset.Wewillhaveabetterunderstandingofhowmatterbehavesattheunfathomablyhightemperaturesandpressuresoftheearlyuniverse.We’llcrackthegeneticcodeandconquercancer.Asscientistslearnmoreaboutgeneticcodeandthewaycellsworkatthemolecularlevel,manyseriousdiseases—cancer,forone—willbecomelessthreatening.Usingmanufacturedtherapeuticviruses,doctorswillbeabletoreplacecancer—causingdamagedDNAwithhealthygenes,probablyadministeredbyapillorinjection.We’lllivelonger(120years?).21stcenturystridesingeneticmedicinemayletuscontrolandevenreversetheprocess.Butbeforewepushscientiststodomore,consider:Dowereallywanttolieinaworldwherenoonegrowsoldandfewchildrenarebornbecausetheplanetcanholdonlysomanypeople?Wherewouldnewideascomfrom?Whatwouldwedowithalltheextratime?We’ll“manage”Earth.Inthenextmillennium,we’llstoptalkingabouttheweatherbutwilldosomethingaboutit.We’llgraduallylearnhowtopredicttheeffectsofhumanactivityontheEarth,itsclimateanditsecosystem.We’llhaveabrain“roadmap”.Earlyinthenextcentury,wewilluseadvancedformsofmagneticresonanceimagingtoproducedetailedmapsoftheneuronsinoperation.We’llbeabletosaywithcertaintywhichonesareworkingwhenyoureadaword,whenyousayaword,whyyouthinkaboutaword,andsoon.
changingtheorderofgenes
killingthedamagedDNA
usingmanufactured“therapeutic”viruses????
usinganormalpillorinjection
Wewillmakeearthsunnyeveryday.
Wewillchangetheorderoffourseasons.
We’llknowmoreabouttheweatherandchangeit.
We’llpredicttheeffectsofhumanactivityontheEarth,itsclimateanditsecosystem.
amapofbloodflowinginthebrain
amapofthebrain’sparts
amapoftheneuronsinoperation/span>
amapofmagneticresonance
theyhavefoundcertainmatterthatcanbehaveathightemperature
theyhavemadecleartheevolutionoftheuniverse
theyhavedevelopedrelatedtheories
theyhaveknowntheuniverseinexpanding
careful
favorable
opponent
indifferent
42、Uponreachinganappropriateage(usuallybetween18and21years),childrenareencouraged,butnotforced,to“leavethenest”andbeginanindependentlife.Afterchildrenleavehometheyoftenfindsocialrelationshipandfinancialsupportoutsidethefamily.Parentsdonotarrangemarriagesfortheirchildren,nordochildrenusuallyaskpermissionoftheirparentstogetmarried.RomanticloveismostoftenthebasisformarriageintheUnitedStates;youngadultsmeettheirfuturespousesthroughotherfriends,atjobs,andinorganizationsandreligiousinstitutions.Althoughchildrenchoosetheirownspouses,theystillhopetheirparentswillapproveoftheirchoices.Inmanyfamilies,parentsfeelthatchildrenshouldmakemajorlifedecisionsbythemselves.Aparentmaytrytoinfluenceachildtofollowaparticularprofessionbutthechildisfreetochooseanothercareer.Sometimeschildrendopreciselytheoppositeofwhattheirparentswishinordertoasserttheirindependence.Asonmaydeliberatelydecidenottogointohisfather’sbusinessbecauseofafearthathewilllosehisautonomyinhisfather’sworkplace.Thisindependencefromparentsisnotanindicationthatparentsandchildrendonotloveeachother.StronglovebetweenparentsandchildrenisuniversalandthisisnoexceptionintheAmericanfamily.CoexistingwithsuchloveintheAmericanfamilyareculturalvaluesofself–relianceandindependence.
thepursuitofacareer
marriagearrangements
familyvalues
decisionmaking
hewantstoprovehisindependence
hewishestomakefulluseofwhathehaslearntinschool
hewishestodotheoppositeofwhathisparentsapproveof
hewantstoshowhisloveforhisparents
Theywanttochallengetheauthorityoftheirparents.
Theywanttowinthepermissionoftheirparents.
Theyenjoythefreedomofchoosingtheirspouses.
Theyhaveastrongdesiretobecomeindependent.
Americanyoungadultspossessculturalvaluesofindependence
onceayoungpersonstepsintohistwenties,hewillleavehishomepermanently
mostAmericanpeoplenevermakemajordecisionsfortheirchildren
Americanyoungadultsarelikelytofollowthesuitoftheirparents
love
financialconcern
theirparents
familybackground
43、AnewschemeforgettingchildrentoandfromschoolisbeingstartedbytheeducationauthoritiesinpartofEasternEngland.Thiscouldendtheworriesofmanyparentsfearfulfortheirchildren’ssafetyontheroads.UntilnowtheCountryCouncilhasonlybeenpreparedtoprovidebusservicesforchildrenlivingmorethanthreemilesfromtheirschool,orsometimeslessifspecialreasonsexisted.Nowithasbeendecidedthatifagroupofparentsaskforhelpinorganizingtransporttheywillbepreparedtogoahead,providedthearrangementwillnotlosemoneyandthatchildrentakingpartwillbeattendingtheirnearestschool.ThenewschemeistobetriedoutthistermforchildrenlivingatMiltonwhoattendImpingtonschool.Thechildrenlivejustwithinthethree-milelimitandtheCouncilhassaidinthepastitwillnotundertaketoprovidefreetransporttotheschool.ButnowtheyhaveagreedtoorganizeabusservicefromMiltontoImpingtonandback,aplanwhichhasthesupportoftheschool’sheadmaster.Between50and60parentshavesaidtheywouldliketheirchildrentotakepart.Finalcalculationshavestilltobecarriedout,butacouncilofficialhassaidthecosttoparentsshouldbelessthan￡6.50aterm.TheyhavebeenabletoarrangetheserviceatalowcostbecausethereisalreadyanagreementwiththebuscompanyforabustotakechildrenwholivefurtherawaytoImpington.ThesamebuswouldnowjustmakeanextrajourneytopickuptheMiltonchildren.Theofficialsaidtheywouldgetintouchwithothergroupsofparentswhointhepasthadaskediftransportcouldbeprovidedfortheirchildren,toseeiftheywouldliketotakepartinthenewscheme.
whowouldhavehadtowalkotherwise
whoseparentswereworriedaboutthem
whocouldnotwalk
whohadtotravelalongway
onlyinwetweather
onlyforchildrenlivingmorethanthreemilesaway
inconnectionwithanexistingservice
onmorningjourneystoschoolonly
whosechildrenstayedawayfromschool
whohadnotyetansweredletters
whodidn’twanttopay
whohadaskedabouttransportbefore
theeducationdepartment
thebuscompany
theschool’sheadmaster
theparents
liveinMiltonandgotoImpingtonschool
liveinImpingtonandgotoMiltonschool
liveinImpingtonandgotoImpingtonschool
liveinMiltonandgotoMiltonschool
44、HowtoSelectanE-readerWiselyNowadays,moreandmorepeopletendtoreadane-book.Currenttrendsshowthate-bookpopularityisgrowinganditmaybecometheformatofchoiceformostpeopleinthenearfuture.E-booksareusuallyreadonanelectronicdevice,suchassmartphone,notebookPC,tablet,orbestofall,ane-reader.Today,dozensofe-readershavecomeontothemarket,andmoreareontheirway.YoumayworryaboutwhetheryoushouldbuyanAmazonKindleoraBebookebookreader,aKobeeReaderoraBarnesandNobleNook.Thekeytoenhancethejoyofe-readingisselectingane-readerthatmeetsyourneedthebest.Thefollowingpointsmayhelpyouwiselynarrowdownyourchoice.EbookReaderorHandheldComputer?—Oneofthemostimportantthingstoconsideriswhat,exactly,youwillbeusingyoure-readerfor.Doyouwantitsolelyforbrowsinge-books,orwillyouwanttodomorethanthat?GiventhatmanyhandheldcomputersandSmartphonessuchastheiPad,BlackberryandAndroidhavee-bookreadingAppsthatgiveyouane-readeraspartofalargerphone/computer/personaldigitalassistantexperience,wouldyougetmorevalueformoneyoutofoneofthose?Whatdoyouread?—Thinkaboutthekindsoftextthatyoureadregularly.E-readerscansupportmagazines,newspapersandPDFsthatyoumaygetasattachmentsordownloadedfromtheInternet,aswellasdigitalbooks.Areyoulikelytoneedallofthosefunctions?Ifyes,ensurethatthee-readerthatyouchooseiscompatiblewiththemallandinparticular,makesurethatitcansupportanyspecialdocumentfilesthatyoureadoften.Capacity—Oneofthebiggestadvantagesthate-readershaveoverconventionalbooksandlibrariesisthatyoucanloadmultiplee-booksintooneslim,light-weighte-bookreaderanddon’thavetocarryahugebagfulofprintedmaterialaroundwithyouallthetime.Checkthatanye-readeryoubuyhasthecapacitythatholdasmanye-books,magazineandonlinenewspapersasyouwillrequire.ComputerConnectionorWifi?—Whenitcomestoactuallydownloadingyourchosene-bookyouhaveacoupleofwaysinwhichitcanbedone.Somee-bookreadersrequireyoutoconnectthemtoyourmaincomputer,justasyoudoaniPod,tobrowseonlinelibrariesanddownloadelectronicbooksandnewspapers.However,othere-readershaveWifiand3G,allowingyoutoaccessonlinebookstoresanddownloadnewe-booksanywhere,anytime.
Notalle-readershaveWifior3G.
Alle-readersnowhaveWifior3G.
Somee-readersrefusetoworkwithoutcomputerconnection.
Somee-readerscandownloade-booksonlywithWifior3G.
aremoreworthbuyingthane-readers
e-readerscanhelpyoufindwhateveryouliketoread
shouldnotbeusedase-readers
canbeusedfore-readingtoo
storage
weight
size
portability
notebookPCs
tablets
smartphones
e-readers
differente-readerssupportdifferentformatsoffiles
e-readerscanhelpyoufindwhateveryouliketoread
someconventionalbooksarenotmeantfore-reading/span>
e-bookscannotbereadwithoutbeingdownloaded
45、SocialProblemsandtheDeclineofFamilyByLinda&RichardEyreTheclearconnectionbetweenthedeclineoffamiliesandtheworld’ssocialproblemscannotbeignored.Thetrickisfiguringoutwhichisthecauseandwhichistheeffect.Mosteconomistsandpoliticiansblamebothsocialillsandfamilyinstabilitiesonpoverty.Ourthesisisthatthecauseandeffectworksbothwaysandthatpoverty,instabilityandsocialproblemsareoftenthedirectresultofdecliningorpoorlyfunctioningfamilies.Astrongcasecanbemadeforfamily(orlackoffamily)asthecauseandeverythingelseastheeffectortheresult.Afterall,everything,includingeachofus,originateswithfamilies,withhomes,withparents;andhowthosehomesfunctionlargelydeterminestheeconomic,moralandcharacterresultsthatcomeoutofthem.Butofcourseitisamistaketooversimplifyortoclaimthatallsocialproblemsaredirectlycreatedbyinadequatefamilies.Oursocialillshavemanycauses,butthe“cause”ofthemostfar-reachinganddevastating“effects,”aka“socialills”—andtheonewearefinallyonthevergeofunderstanding—isthedeclineandbreakdownofthefamilyandtheaccompanyingdeteriorationofbasicpersonalvalues.Therehasbeennoshortageofcommentandspeculationabout“familydecline”and“valuesdeterioration”inrecentyears,buttwothingshavebeenwrong,oratleastinadequate,inmostofwhathasbeenwrittenandspoken.First,mostofthedialogueistootheoreticalandacademic.Thestatisticsaboutdivorce,latchkeychildren,decreasingparent-childcommunication,andtimespenttogetherareacademicpartsofsociologycourses.Increasesinviolence,gangs,substanceabuse,bullying,teenpromiscuityandpregnancy,crime,teensuicide,gangviolence,schooldropoutrateandAIDSaredailyheadlines,nightlynewsandthesubjectsofallkindsofpopulardiscussionandthetargetsofallkindsofproposed“solutions.”Butthesearerarelyconnectedclearlytotheirmostpredictablecause—thebreakdownofthefamiliesandvalues.Commonsensetellsusoftheconnection,ofthecauseandeffect,yetwekeeptalkingabout,worryingaboutandworkingontheeffectsandignoringthecause.Thefundamentalquestionthatalwaysarisesis,“Aresocialproblemsravagingourfamilies,orarefailingmarriagesandtroubledfamiliesmakingsocialproblemsinevitable?”Therealanswer,ofcourse,is,“Both.”Inaclassicviciouscycle,moreofonebreedsmoreoftheother,andmoreoftheotherbreedsmoreoftheone.Butchicken-and-eggdilemmasarenotentirelyimponderableorunsolvable.Infact,themetaphorisperfectforthisdiscussion.Viewingsocialproblemsasthechickenandineffective,uncommitteddysfunctionalfamiliesastheeggshouldmakeitclearthatwemustfocusoureffortsonthemicroifwewanttoimpactthemacro.The“chicken”isrunningaround,hardtocatch,hardtoeffectivelyexamineorfullydiagnose,aswellasbeingexpensiveandcomplicatedtodealwith.Socialproblemsareaselusiveasawild,erraticchicken.Wetrytodealwiththemwithmoremoney,morepolice,morejailsandmorepubliceducation.Moreoftenthannot,weseemtomakethemworse.Eventually,webankruptourselvesandexhaustourwell-intentionedidea.Oncethe“chicken”ishatched—outofthe“egg”andintoourcourtsystem,ourwelfaresystem,ourlegislativesystem—itbecomesimpossiblyexpensive.Itisestimatedthat,intheUnitedStates,wespendover$20billionannuallydealingwiththe“chicken”ofteenpregnancy(thepreventiveprograms,theeducationaldecline,theabortions,thehugewelfarepaymentstounwedmothersandpoverty-strickenchildren...thelistdoesn’tstop).Similar“runamuck”scenariosexistwithdrugs,violence,abuse,gangsandwitheverysocialproblem.Theegg,ontheotherhand,issmall,stationary,rightunderournoses,andcanbepositivelyimpactedbyoursolutions.Wehavetoreachtheegg.Solutionstomostsocialproblemslieinthehome.Thehome-eggmustbevalued,prioritized,strengthenedsothatitproducessolutionsratherthanproblems,contributorsratherthanabusers,buildersratherthandestroyers.
Socialproblemanddysfunctionalfamilies.
Teenpregnancyandunwedmothers.
Oneandtheother.
Effectsandcause.
Increaseinviolence,gangs,substanceabuse,teenpromiscuityandpregnancy.
Divorce,latchkeychildren,decreasingparent-childcommunication.
Crime,teensuicide,gangviolence,schooldropoutrate.
Familydeclineandvaluesdeterioration.
thewideninggapbetweentherichandthepoor
decliningorpoorlyfunctioningfamilies
poverty
socialinstability
unsolvable
irresistible
impossible
unimaginable
Similar“runamuck”scenariosthatexistwithdrugs,violence,abuse,gangsandwitheverysocialproblems.
Thesecondthingthathasbeenwrong,oratleastinadequate,inmostofwhathasbeenwrittenandspoken.
Theconnectionbetweenthedeclineoffamiliesandtheworld’ssocialproblems.
Thestatisticsaboutdivorce,latchkeychildren,decreasingparent-childcommunicationandtimespenttogether.
46、Inthepastfewdecades,thepopularbeliefintheareaoforganizationalbehaviorandorganizationalpsychologyhasbeenthathappyworkersarebetterworkers.However,newresearchattheUniversityofAlbertashowsthatsadworkersaremoreproductive.PsychologistDr.RobertSinclairandhisformerPhDstudentCarrieLavisrecentlyconductedaseriesoffourstudiesaddressingtheeffectsofexperimentallyinducedhappinessversussadnessonworkproductivitybyaskingtheparticipantstobuildcircuitboards.Inthefirststudy,sadpeoplecommittedsignificantlyfewererrorsthatdidhappypeople(approximatelyhalfthenumberoferrors)buttherewasnodifferenceinthenumberofboardscompleted.Thus,sadpeopleweremoreproductive.InsimilarstudiesSinclairandLavisfoundthesameresultsalongwithevidencethathappypeoplemightnotdevoteasmuchenergytothetaskinordertomaintaintheirhappymoods—theyperceivedthattaskassomethingthatmightdetractfromtheirpresentfeelings.Conversely,sadpeopleappearedtobedevotingenergytothetaskinordertodistractthemselvesfromtheirsadfeelings.“Itisimportanttoknowthatthemoodswereunrelatedtothetask,”saidSinclair.“Unhappinessiscomingfromsomethingelse.”Thesefindingsarenotsurprising,saidSinclair,sincetherehasbeenagrowingbodyofliteratureintheareaofsocialpsychologydemonstratingthatsadmoodsleadtomorecontemplationand,often,morethoughtfuloraccuratejudgments.InSinclair’ssubsequentstudies,whenpeoplebelievedthatthetaskwouldmakethemfeelgood,theydevotedmoreenergytothejob.Thebottomline,saidSinclair,isthatitisimportantfororganizationstotakeintoaccounttheemotionsoftheiremployees.Itseemsitcouldbebeneficialtocreatingsituationsthatleadpeopletobelievethatperformingtheirjobswillcausethemtofeelgood:thiscouldcauseincreasesinmotivationandsuperiorperformance.
companiesshouldtakeintoconsiderationemployees’emotions
companiesshouldcreatesituationsthatmakeworkersfeelgood
employeesshoulddothetaskthatwouldmakethemfeelgood
increasesinmotivationandsuperiorperformanceareimportant
sadnessleadstoaccuratejudgments
happinesscanmakepeopledowell
sadworkersproducebetter
sadworkersarelesengagedintheirwork
happinessdistractsthemfromtheirtask
theywanttokeeptheirhappymoods
theyneverfeelsad
theyhatedoingthesamejobforalongtime
toexplorethewayshowtoproducehappinessorsadnessatwork
toprovethathappyworkersarebetterworkers
toaskthesubjectstobuildcircusboards
tofindouttheinfluenceofhappinessvs.sadnessonwork
47、Clothesplayacriticalpartintheconclusionswereachbyprovidingcluestowhopeopleare,whotheyarenot,andwhotheywouldliketobe.Theytellusagooddealaboutthewearer’sbackground,personality,status,mood,andsocialoutlook.Sinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformation,wecanusethemtomanipulatepeople’simpressionofus.Ourappearanceassumesparticularsignificanceintheinitialphasesofinteractionthatislikelytooccur.Anelderlymiddle-classmanorwomanmaybealienatedbyayoungadultwhoisdressedinanunconventionalmanner,regardlessoftheperson’seducation,background,orinterests.Peopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothesmean.Adolescentgirlscaneasilyagreeonthelifestylesofgirlswhowearcertainoutfits,includingthenumberofboyfriendstheylikelyhavehadandwhethertheysmokeordrink.Newscasters,ortheannouncerswhoreadthenewsonTV,areconsideredtobemoreconvincing,honest,andcompetentwhentheyaredressedconservatively.Andcollegestudentswhoviewthemselvesastakinganactiveroleintheirinterpersonalrelationshipssaytheyareconcernedaboutthecostumestheymustweartoplaytheserolessuccessfully.Moreover,manyofuscanrelateinstancesinwhichtheclothingweworechangedthewaywefeltaboutourselvesandhowweacted.Perhapsyouhaveusedclothingtogainconfidencewhenyouanticipatedastressfulsituation,suchasajobintervieworacourtappearance.Intheworkplace,menhavelonghadwell-definedproceduresandrolemodelsforachievingsuccess.Ithasbeenotherwiseforwomen.Agoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureof“masculine”and“feminine”attributestheyshouldconveybytheirprofessionalclothing.Thevarietyofclothingalternativestowomenhasalsobeengreaterthanthatavailableformen.Maleadministratorstendtojudgewomenmorefavorablyformanagerialpositionswhenthewomendisplayless“feminine”grooming—shorterhair,moderateuseofmake-up,andplaintailoredclothing.Asonemaleadministratorconfessed,“Anattractivewomanisdefinitelygoingtogetalongerinterview,butshewon’tgetajob.
collegestudentsplayanactiveroleininterpersonalrelationships
newscastersshouldbeconservative
jobinterviewsandcourtappearancesarestressfulsituations
clothesenablespeopletobeconfident
beinfluencedby
followtheexampleof
beunanimousin
singhighpraiseof
womenenjoymorefreedominthechoiceofclothing
womendon’thaveawell-defineddresscode
womenhavetomerge“masculine”attributesintoclothing
womencouldn’tachievesuccessaseasilyasmen
influencepeople’smood
makeacorrectjudgmentonpeople’spersonalities
improveoursocialstatus
leadothertobelievewearewhoweappeartobe
awomanwithamasculineappearance
anattractiveandfemininely-dressedwoman
awomanwithoutfeminineattributes
awomanwithsomemasculineattributes
48、<em>Inthispartthereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementswithin10words.</em>Ineverlearnedhateathome,orshame.Ihadtogotoschoolforthat.IwasaboutsevenyearsoldwhenIgotmyfirstbiglesson.IwasinlovewithalittlegirlnamedHeleneTucker,alight-complexionedlittlegirlwithpigtailsandnicemanners.Shewasalwayscleanandshewassmartinschool.IthinkIwenttoschoolthenmostlytolookather.Ibrushedmyhairandevengotmealittleoldhandkerchief.Itwasalady’shandkerchief,butIdidn’twantHelenetoseemewipemynoseonmyhand.Thepipeswerefrozenagain,therewasnowaterinthehouse,butIwashedmysocksandshirteverynight.I’dgetapot,andgoovertoMisterBen’sgrocerystore,andstickmypotdownintohissodamachine.Scoopoutsomechoppedice.Byeveningtheicemeltedtowaterforwashing.Igotsickalotthatwinterbecausethefirewouldgooutatnightbeforetheclothesweredry.InthemorningI’dputthemon,wetordry,becausetheyweretheonlyclothesIhad.Everybody’sgotaHeleneTucker,asymbolofeverythingyouwant.Ilovedherforhergoodness,hercleanness,herpopularity.She’dwalkdownmystreetandmybrothersandsisterswouldyell,“HerecomesHelene,”andI’drubmytennissneakersonthebackofmypantsandwishmyhairwasn’tsonappyandthewhitefolks’shirtfitmebetter.I’drunoutonthestreet.IfIknewmyplaceanddidn’tcometooclose,she’dwinkatmeandsayhello.Thatwasagoodfeeling.SometimesI’dfollowherallthewayhome,andshovelthesnowoffherwalkandtrytomakefriendswithherMommaandheraunts.I’ddropmoneyonherstooplateatnightonmywaybackfromshiningshoesinthetaverns.AndshehadaDaddy,andhehadagoodjob.Hewasapaperhanger.Questions:1.Theboywouldnothaveuseda__________towipehisnosehadhenotbeeninlove.2.OneofthereasonswhytheboywasattractedtoHelenewasthatthegirlwas__________withmanypeople.3.Theboyusedtoearn__________byshiningshoesinthetaverns.4.Thenarratormeanshewasconsciousofhisbackgroundwhenhesays“__________”.5.Theboy’sstoryshowsthatlovecanhavegreat__________onaperson.
49、<em>Inthispartthereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewordsnotexceeding10words.</em>Formanywomenchoosingwhethertoworkornottoworkoutsidetheirhomeisaluxury:theymustworktosurvive.Othersfaceaharddecision.Perhapstheeasiestchoicehastodowitheconomics.Onehusbandsaid,“MargeandIdecidedaftercarefulconsiderationthatforhertogobacktoworkatthismomentwasanextravagancewecouldn’tafford.”Withtwopreschoolchildren,itsoonbecameclearintheirfiguringthatwithbabysitters,transportation,andincreasedtaxes,ratherthanhavingmoremoney,theymightactuallyendupwithless.Economicfactorsareusuallythefirsttobeconsidered,buttheyarenotthemostimportant.Themostimportantaspectsofthedecisionhavetodowiththeemotionalneedsofeachmemberofthefamily.Itisinthisareathathusbandsandwivesfindthemselveshavingtofacemanyconfusingandconflictingfeelings.Therearemanywomenwhofindthathomemakingisboringorwhofeelimprisonediftheyhavetostayhomewithayoungchildorseveralchildren.Ontheotherhand,therearewomenwhothinkthathomemakinggivesthemthedeepestsatisfaction.Frommayownexperience,Iwouldliketosuggestthatsometimesthedecisiontogobacktoworkismadeintoomuchhaste.TherearefewdecisionsthatInowregretmore.Iwasn’tmatureenoughtoseehowmuchIcouldhavegainedathome,Iregretmyimpatiencetogetonwithmycareer.IwishIhadallowedmyselftheluxuryofwatchingtheworldthroughmylittlegirl’seyes.Questions:1.Whichwordinthefirsttwoparagraphsbestexplainswhymanywomenhavetowork?2.WhydidMargeandherhusbandthinkitanextravaganceforMargetogobacktowork?3.Whatarethetwomajorconsiderationsindecidingwhetherwomenshouldgoouttowork?4.Somewomenwouldratherdohouseworkandtakecareoftheirchildrenthanpursueacareerbecausetheyfeel_________.5.Ifgivenasecondchance,thewriterwouldprobablychooseto__________.
50、<em>Inthispartthereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully,andthenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementswithNOMORETHAN10WORDS.</em>InBritain,theoldRoadTrafficActrestrictedspeedsto2m.p.h.(milesperhour)intownsand4m.p.h.inthecountry.LaterParliamentincreasedthespeedlimitto14m.p.h.Butby1903thedevelopmentofthecarindustryhadmadeitnecessarytoraisethelimitto20m.p.h.By1930,however,thelawwassowidelyignoredthatspeedingrestrictionsweredoneawaywithaltogether.Forfiveyearsmotoristswerefreetodriveatwhateverspeedstheylikes.Thenin1935theRoadTrafficActimposeda30m.p.h.speedlimitinbuilt-upareas,alongwiththeintroductionofdrivingtestsandpedestriancrossing.SpeedingisnowthemostcommonmotoringoffenceinBritain.Offencesforspeedingfallintothreeclasses:exceedingthelimitonarestrictedroad,exceedingonanyroadthelimitforthevehicleyouaredriving,andexceedingthe70m.p.h.limitonanyroad.Arestrictedroadisonewherethestreetlampsare200yardsapart,ormore.Themaincontroversysurroundingspeedinglawsistheextentoftheirsafetyvalue.TheMinistryofTransportmaintainsthatspeedlimitsreduceaccidents.Itclaimsthatwhenthe30m.p.h.limitwasintroducedin1935therewasafallof15percentinfatalaccidents.Likewise,whenthe40m.p.h.speedlimitwasimposedonanumberofroadsinLondoninthelatefifties,therewasa28percentreductioninseriousaccidents.Therewerealsofewercasualtiesintheyearafterthe70m.p.h.motorwaylimitwasimposedin1966.InAmerica,however,itisthoughtthatthereducedaccidentfiguresareduerathertotheincreaseintrafficdensity.Thisiswhyithasevenbeensuggestedthatthepresentspeedlimitsshouldbedoneawaywithcompletely,orthataguideshouldbegiventoinexperienceddriversandthespeedlimitsmadeadvisory,asisdoneinpartsoftheUSA.Questions:1.DuringwhichperiodcouldBritishmotoristsdrivewithoutspeedlimits?2.Whatmeasureswereadoptedin1935inadditiontothespeedingrestrictions?3.Speedingisamotoringoffenceadrivercommitswhenhe________.4.WhatistheopinionofBritishauthoritiesconcerningspeedinglaws?5.WhatreasondoAmericansgiveforthereductionintrafficaccidents?
51、<em>Inthispartthereisashortpassagewithfivequestions.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords(NOTEXCEEDING10WORDS).</em>Recreationisforeveryoneregardlessofage,shape,fitnesslevelorethnicity.Toooftenrecreationisconsideredsomethingthatisfineforchildren,butanindicationofunwillingnesstoworkonthepartofadults.Therecreativeexperiencebringsbalanceintoman’slife,andcanbethemostdominantsocialforceinmodernsociety.Therearethreeprincipalfactorsinthedailylifeofeveryadult:hiswork,bywhichheearnshisliving;hisleisure,inwhichhegainsmuchofhisreasonforliving;andhissleep,throughwhichherecoverstobereadyoncemoreforworkandleisure.This,ofcourse,isanoversimplificationoflife,butitisanindicationoftheboardcomponentsthatmakeitup.Withineachofthese,however,therearemanylessercomponents.Theworkofalargemajorityofouremployedpopulationisrelativelydull,andoftenfrustrating.Inaddition,theworkofalargepercentageofourpopulationisprescribedbyanauthoritywhosays,“Dothisorelse.”Thismeansthatrelativelyfewpeoplehavetheopportunitytomakechoicesintheirworktime.Eventhoughmenmaynotberuledbymachinesintheirwork,theyareautomatonstosomedegreebecauseprescribedmethodsgivethemfewopportunitiestoexercisetheirinitiative.Althoughthereisconsiderabledisagreementamongscientistsabouttheactivitythattakesplaceduringsleep,thereseemstobegoodevidencethatmanisnotconsciousofhisactionswhileheisasleep.Thismeansthatanothersegmentofdailylivingisnotdirectedbytheindividual,exceptinthedegreethatitisdirectedthroughsubconsciousorunconsciousthought.This,therefore,leavesleisureasthatcomponentofdailylivinginwhichmanhastheopportunitytomakechoicesabouthisactivity.Sincehehastheopportunityforchoice,manmayfolloweitheraconstructiveoradestructivepath.Therearemanywaysinwhichmanshapeshisleisure,thatis,thetimewhenheisnotworkingorsleeping.Questions:1.Whatisthecommonmisunderstandingaboutleisureforadults?2.Whatarethethreeprincipalfactorsinthecomponentsofadults’life?3.Whyaretheemployeesconsideredasautomatons?4.Whatisdiscoveredabouttheactivitythattakesplaceduringsleep?5.Inwhichsenseispeople’sleisuredifferentfromwork?
52、TheRoyalHouseofWindsorwasfoundedin1917,byroyalproclamationoftheQueen’sgrandfather,KingGeorgeV.
53、Thecarisalsoagreenone,thematerialofwhichcouldberecycledafteruse.
54、Activeparticipationinprocessesofdeliberationanddecision-makingensuresthatindividualsarecitizens,notsubjects.
55、Herpartnerswereagroupoffellownurseswithconcernsaboutequityandhealth.
56、TheresultsshowthatmembershipoftheEuropeanUnionisakeydeterminantofeaseofmovementacrossborders.
57、Ifwetravelrapidlytoothertimezones,itmayoccurduringthesleepinghours,andweexperiencejetlag.
58、Therewerepatchesofblueskyshowinghereandtherethroughthecloudsthathadmetandpiledoneabovetheotherinthewestfacingherwindow.
59、Thesizeofyoursleepdebtdeterminesthestrengthofthetendencyorabilitytofallasleep.
60、Findingafewmomentsofpeaceandquiet—withnocellphone,roommates,orcrowds—mightbejustwhatyouneed.
61、In2013,themedicalstaffhad794patientvisits,a32percentincreaseover2012.
62、Ifyoubelievethatboredom,awarmroom,oraheavymealcausessleep,youarecompletelywrong!
63、Personalspaceforstudentsincollegerarelyexists.
64、Shefollowedthefamilytraditionandbecameanurse.
65、Whatcouldlove,theunsolvedmystery,countforinthefaceofthispossessionofself-assertionwhichshesuddenlyrecognizedasthestrongestimpulseofherbeing!
66、Isawthefullspectrum,thedisparitybetweenthehavesandthehave-nots.
67、Relievingthatanxietyisanotherwaymeditationcanhelppeoplecopewithphysicalsensations.
68、Don’tforgetthatyourbrainislikeamuscle,anditneedsabreakeveryonceinawhile!
69、Yoursleepdebtdoesnotgoawayorspontaneouslydecrease.
70、Seeifyoucanreserveaclassroomorroominthelibrarywhereyoucanallworktogetherandsharesupplies.
71、Additionally,thedevicecouldsubstantiallydecreasetheenvironmentalimpactofbatteriesandbringmorecomforttousers.
72、Sorelaxationtechniques,includingmeditationandhypnosis,mightallowpeopletotoleratepaintheywouldordinarilydescribeasunbearable.
73、Mostkidsareaddictedtosurfingthenet.
74、Finally,communicationisthekeytoanysuccessfulteacher-studentrelationship.
75、Theliberalmodel’soriginsaretraceabletotheRomanEmpireandearly-modernreflectionsonRomanlaw.
76、Accordingtoindustryrepresentatives,smarttextilesandinteractiveapparelswillbeoneofthemaintrendsforthefuture.
77、Eachvehicleitproducesisanupdatedversionoftheonebeforeit.
78、Ialwaystriedtoremainneutralwhentheystartedarguing.
79、Insteadofopposingthetwomodels,wecouldreasonablyseethemascomplementary.
80、Plagiarism—useofanother'sintellectualworkwithoutacknowledgement—isaseriousoffense.
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