[离线作业] 东北农业大学13春《大学英语Ⅳ》作业题2答案

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发表于 2013-8-6 08:13:53 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
作业题2(easy)
Part I Structure and Vocabulary
Directions:
There are 30 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET .
Part II Reading Comprehension
1. As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to ____ it.
   A) postpone   B) refuse   C) delay    D) cancel
2. Don’t let the child play with scissors ____ he cuts himself.
   A) in case    B) so that   C) now that  D) only if
3. He hoped the firm would ____ him to the Paris branch.
   A) exchange   B) transmit   C) transfer  D) remove
4. It took him several months to ____ the wild horse.
   A) tend       B) cultivate   C) breed   D) tame
5. Mr. Smith was the only witness who said that the fire was ____.
   A) mature    B) deliberate    C) meaningful  D) innocent
6. However, at times this balance in nature is ____, resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects.
   A) troubled    B) disturbed    C) confused    D) puzzled
7. Although he had looked through all the reference material on the subject, he still found it hard to understand this point and her explanation only ____ to his confusion.
   A) extended    B) amounted    C) added     D) turned
8. He was such a ____ speaker that he held our attention every minute of the three-hour lecture.
   A) specific    B) dynamic     C) heroic      D) diplomatic
9. Tryon was extremely angry, but cool-headed enough to ____ storming into the boss’s office.
   A) prevent    B) prohibit      C) turn        D) avoid
10. When there are small children around, it is necessary to put bottles of pills out of ____.
   A) reach      B) hand         C) hold      D) place
11. The hopes, goals, fears and desires ____ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.
   A) alter      B) shift           C) transfer     D) vary
12. The town planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax ____.
   A) efficiency     B) revenues     C) privileges    D) validity
13. I didn’t ____ to take a taxi but I had to as I was late.
   A) mean         B) assume      C) hope        D) suppose
14. In the advanced course students must take performance tests at monthly ____.
   A) gaps       B) intervals        C) length       D) distance
15. That tree looked as if it ____ for a long time.
   A) hasn’t watered       B) didn’t water   C) hadn’t been watered   D) wasn’t watered
16. Is it advisable to ____ our body to the sunlight?
   A) reveal     B) display    C) expose    D) show
17. Everyone should keep a sense of responsibility ____ what he has done.
   A) of     B) for     C) with    D) to
18. The price of beer ____ fro 50 cents to $ 4 per liter during the summer season.
   A) altered   B) ranged   C) separated   D) differed
19. ____ energy under the earth must be released in one form or another, for example, an earthquake.
   A) Accumulated    B) Assembled   C) Gathered    D) Collected
20. This is the nurse who ____ to me when I was ill in hospital.
   A) accompanied    B) attended     C) entertained   D) shielded
21. We’d like to ____ a table for five for dinner this evening.
   A) preserve        B) retain       C) reserve      D)sustain
22. Only a few people have ____ to the full facts of the incident.
   A) access         B) resort    C) contact    D) path
23. The French pianist who had been praised very highly ____ to be a great disappointment.
   A) turned up       B) turned in     C) turned out   D) turned down
24. He made such a ____ contribution to the university that they are naming one of the new building after him.
   A) genuine     B) minimum    C) modest    D) generous
25. The weatherman broadcasts the ____ in temperature twice a day.
   A) diversion   B) variation   C) variety   D) modification
26. They are sure they have all the facts they need to ____ the existence of a black hole.
   A) obtain    B) maintain    C) verify    D) display
27. She ____ her sister in appearance but not in character.
   A) looks    B) compares    C) resembles    D) equals
28. She gave him back the money she’d stolen, for ____ sake.  
   A) consent’s    B) conscience’s    C) her    D) conscious
29. While nuclear weapons present grave ____ dangers, the predominant crisis of overpopulation is with us today.
   A) inevitable    B) constant    C) overwhelming  D) potential
30. With an eighty-hour-week and little enjoyment, life must have been very ____ for the nineteenth-century factory workers.
   A) hostile     B) anxious    C) tedious   D) obscure

Part II Reading Comprehension
Direction:
There are four reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five question, for each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET.
Unemployment may be one of the biggest problems our people as well as our government are faced with today. According to an official report, in Shanghai alone, since 1986, nearly 1,000,000 adult workers have lost their hobs because of factory closings and cutbacks either temporarily laid off or permanently forced to retire.
Many people, especially the policy makers, believe that forcing adult worker, those who are over 45, to retire is an effective means to relieve the tension of unemployment, for it can provide more job opportunities for the jobless young. But they fail to notice that forcing a person who is still able to work and has a family to support to retire brings serious financial problems as well as emotional and physical ones. They also fail to realize that actually, workers aged 45-60 tend to be more stable, more skillful and more experienced than workers of any other age, that to some extent this age is the prime time for one’s productivity and creativity. To force them to retire is a huge waste of the nation’s best resources. On the contrary, if we turn out attention to the other end of the age spectrum(范围), a more effective way might emerge. Today, only 3% of school-leavers are allowed to go to college, leaving the majority of the young people under 18 and without adequate preparation to join the labor force. If, however, more of them are able to attend college and begin full-time employment at a later age, more job opportunities will be created as the number of years that an average person works full time shrinks.
Most importantly, we should not be content merely to solve the problem of unemployment, but rather, we should improve the quality of the work force at the same time—by retaining the skilled adults and recruiting the well-educated young.
31. The best title for this passage might be ____
A) How to Solve the Problem of Unemployment
B) Should People Be Forced to Retire
C) Why Don’t We Educate the Young
D) Are the Policy Makers Wise
32. Forcing a middle-aged person to retire might cause ____
A) financial problems
B) a huge waste of the nation’s talent resources
C) emotional and physical problems
D) all of the above
33. The word “prime” in Line 7, Para. 2 may be best replaced by _______
   A) first   B)early   C) major   D) spring
34. Which of the following suggestions did the writer make?
A) Young people should work harder in order to go to college.
B) Colleges should be open to more high school-leavers.
C) The old should be allowed to work as long as they want to.
D) Policy makers should create more hob opportunities.
35. What is the writer’s attitude towards the described situation?
   A) Concerned   B) Hopeless   C) Indifferent   D) Content
Passage 2  
How can you find out what is going on inside a person’s body without opening the patient up? Regular X-ray can show a lot. CAT scans can show even more. They can give a three-dimensional view of body organ.
What is CAT scans? CAT stands for Computerized Axial Topography(层面X线照相术). It is a special X-ray machine that obtains a 360 degree picture of a small area to a patient’s body.
Doctors use X-rays to study and diagnose diseases and injuries within the body. X-rays can locate foreign objects inside the body or take pictures of some internal organ—if special substances as dyes or special liquids are added to the organs to be X-rayed.
A CAT scanner, however, uses a beam of X-rays to give a cross-sectional(横断面的) view of a specific part of the body. A fine beam of X-rays is scanned across the body and rotated around the patient from many different angles. A computer analyzes the information from each angle and produces a clear cross-sectional image on a screen. This image is then photographed for later use. Several cross-sections, taken one after another, can give clear “photo” of the entire body organs. The newest CAT scanners can even give clear images of active, moving organs, just as a fast action camera can “stop the action”, giving clear images of what appears only mistily to the eye. And because of the 360-degree pictures, CAT scans show 3 dimensional views of organs in a manner that was only revealed during surgery or autopsy (examining a dead patient).
Too much exposure to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body. Yet CAT scans actually don’t expose the patient to more radiation than conventional X-rays do. CAT scans can also be done without injecting dyes into the patient so they are less risky than regular X-ray procedures.
CAT scans provide accurate, detailed information. They can detect such a thing as bleeding inside the brain. They are helping to save lives.
36. What is NOT true of a CAT scan?
   A) It utilizes computer techniques.
   B) It gives clear images of active, moving body parts.
   C) It can stop the action of an organ for a fraction of a second.
   D) It is safer than regular X-ray procedures.
37. A “foreign object” (Para. 3, Line1~2) most probably refers to _________.
   A) a new thing that is unknown to the doctor
   B) a severely injured part inside the body
   C) a substance that gets inside the body by chance
   D) a strange organ that has grown in the body
38. What is the special feature of the latest CAT scanners?
   A) It helps to find out what is going on inside a person’s body without opening it up.
   B) It provides clear photos of moving organs.
   C) It won’t cause serious skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.
   D) It can take three-dimensional pictures of internal organs.
39. It is implied but not directly stated in the passage that _________.
   A) CAT scanners can take photos of either the whole body or one part of it
   B) CAT scanners do not need the injection of dyes
   C) CAT scanners are more expensive than regular X-ray procedures
   D) The patient can be exposed to a slight amount of radiation safely
40. The best title for the passage might be __________.
   A) The New Medical Invention
   B) Advantages and Disadvantages of CAT scanners
   C) How to Avoid Exposure to X-rays
   D) A New Type X-ray Machine to Save Lives
Passage 3
If suitable competitive advantage depends on workforce skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility.
The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy(社团中的等级制度). In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-source management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer.
While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.
As a result, problems emerge when now breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States.
41. Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies?
   A) They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills.
   B) They see the gaining of skills as their employees’ own business.
   C) They attach more importance to workers than to equipment.
   D) They only hired skilled workers because of keen competition.
42. What is the position of the head of human resource in an American firm?
   A) He is one of the most important executives in the firm.
   B) His post is likely to disappear when new technologies are introduced.
   C) He is directly under the chief financial executive.
   D) He has no say in making important decisions in the firm.
43. The money most American firms put in training mainly goes to ______.
   A) workers who can operate new equipment
   B) professional and managerial staff
   C) workers who lack basic ground skills
   D) top executives
44. What’s the main idea of the passage?
   A) American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human resource management.
   B) Extensive retraining is indispensable to effective human-resource management.
   C) The head of human resource management must be in the central position in a firm’s hierarchy.
   D) The human resource management strategies of American firms will affect their competitive capacity.
45. According to the passage, the decisive factor in maintaining a firm’s competitive advantage is ____________.
   A) the introduction of new technologies
   B) the improvement of workers’ basic skills
   C) the rational composition of professional and managerial employees
   D) the attachment of importance to the bottom half of the employees
Passage 4
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposite; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies(一分为二). This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
46. The following factors tend to promote social change EXCEPT ________.
   A) different kinds of people        B) different points of view
   C) different interest               D) different conditions
47. The expression “greater tolerance” (Line 8, Para. 1) refers to _________.
   A) more respect for different beliefs and behaviors
   B) quicker adaptation to changing circumstances
   C) greater willingness to accept social change
   D) greater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas
48. According to passage, which of the following is TRUE within a society?
   A) Social change is less likely to occur in technology than in values.
   B) What people learned in their early times tends to change quickly.
   C) The basic and emotional aspects of society tend to slow sown social change.
   D) Strange elements are likely to quicken social change.
49. Social change is easier if it takes place ______.
   A) step by step
   B) among Black Americans
   C) between Black Americans and their white counterparts
   D) between Black Americans and other American minorities
50. The passage is mainly discussing _______.
   A) the necessity of social change
   B) certain factors that determine the ease with which social change occur
   C) the way to slow down social change
   D) how to promote social change
Part III Cloze
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper, you should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Tracy Wong is well-known Chinese-American writer. But her writing 51  was something she picked up by herself. After her first 52 , teaching disabled children, she became a part-time writer for IBM.53  , writing stories was simply a   54 interest. Tracy sent three of her stories to a publisher (出版商). 55  , they immediately suggest that she put them together to make a single one long  56  and paid Tracy a $50,000 advance. “A pretty money,” said the publisher, “for  57  writer.”
  58  Tracy’s characters (人物) are interesting, her stories sometimes  59  readers uneasy; those about the supernatural. “My mother believed I could  60  the afterlife world,” she told a close friend. “She used to have me speak with my grandmother, who died many years ago.”
  “Can I? I don’t think I can,” Tracy said with a laugh. “But I do have  61  when things come to me  62 .” Once, she was wondering how to complete a  63  set in ancient (古代的) China.  64   the doorbell rang. It was a FedEx delivery man, with a copy of a book on Chinese   65  . It came without her having 66  it.
  Though she has published 10 books, Tracy has remained   67   by her fame. She lives in the same   68   she lived 27 years ago---although in a more comfortable home. There’s more room for   69   in her life---and it wasn’t just  70  .
51. A) skill     B) experience     C) practice     D) method
52. A) duty      B) effort      C) job        D) task
53. A) Instead    B) Normally     C) Certainly     D) Then  
54. A) general    B) deep        C) personal     D) lively 
55. A) Interested    B) Anxiously     C) Seriously   D) Encouraged
56. A) film      B) story       C) program      D) article
57. A) a foreign   B) a popular      C) an unusual    D) an known
58. A) Now that   B) Even though   C) Just because D) Except that
59. A) find      B) turn     C) leave     D) hold
60. A) make up    B) connect with   C) control     D) explain
61. A) events     B) chances      C) feelings     D) moments
62. A) for no reason    B) from a distance    C) by accident    D) as gifts
63. A) description     B) painting      C) scene       D) talk
64. A) Surprisingly   B) Suddenly    C) Expectedly   D)Fortunately
65.A) cooking    B) history       C) play      D) medicine
66. A) known     B) sent      C) realized     D) ordered
67. A) unchanged   B) excited      C) determined    D) unmoved
68. A) life      B) city    C) house     D) way
69. A) success     B) work     C) joy      D) variety
70. A) writing    B) reporting     C) luck       D) fun
Part IV Writing
Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? You should write at Least 100 words following the outline given below:
1.名校校园正成为旅游新热点 2.校园是否应对游客开放,人们看法不同  3.我认为……
Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?

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