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(0057)《英语词汇学》 西南

2018-12-12 12:22| 发布者: 张老师| 查看: 2169| 评论: 0

摘要: 西南大学网络与继续教育学院课程考试课程名称:(0057)《英语词汇学》考试时间:120分钟满分:100分一、解释题(本大题共5小题,每道题4.0分,共20.0分)Define each of the following terms with illustrative example ...
西南大学网络与继续教育学院课程考试 
课程名称:(0057)《英语词汇学》 
考试时间:120分钟 
满分:100分 

一、
解释题(本大题共5小题,每道题4.0分,共20.0分) 
Define each of the following terms with illustrative examples when needed.
1. 
lexicon  
All the words and phrases used in a languate or that a particular person knows technical.
2. 
function words  
Function words are words that heave little lexical meaning or have ambiguous meaning.
3. 
backformation  
n Etymology, backformation is the process of creating a new lexeme, usaually by removing actual or supposed affixes.For example, the noun resurrection was borrowed from Latin, and the verb resurrect was then backfromed hundred of years later from it by removing the ion suffix.
4. 
melioration  
Melioration referes to the process whereby words with humble origins are rgradually used in positive, or at least neutral contexts. For example, "queen" originally means "a woman", but now it is used to refer to the female ruler of a state.
5. 
morpheme  
Morpheme is the minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function that cannot be further analyzed, e.g.-ly, dog, hand, etc.
二、
判断题(本大题共10小题,每道题2.0分,共20.0分) 
Decide whether the following statements are true (“√” for true) or false (“×” for false).
1. 
Communal knowledge is the part of knowledge that is common to a community of people, exactly, more than two.  
对         
错      
2. 
The meaning of words can be equated with what they refer to in the real world.  
对         
错      
3. 
The synchronic approach to word meaning is more important than the diachronic approach.  
对         
错      
4. 
Man is a word, a root, a stem and a free morpheme as well.  
对         
错      
5. 
The prototype of a category is independent from context.  
对         
错      
6. 
In standard BrE and AmE pronounce the vowels in words like dog, stop, stop, on, etc. in the same way.  
对         
错      
7. 
Words slim and skinny have similar denotations but different in connotations.  
对         
错      
8. 
Words can be moved around without destroying the grammaticality of the sentence.  
对         
错      
9. 
Human languages have originated from human’s natural cries for pain, anger and joy, etc.  
对         
错      
10. 
Lexicology is focused exclusively on lexical words or contents words.  
对         
错      
三、
单项选择题(本大题共10小题,每道题2.0分,共20.0分) 
There are 10 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are 4 words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the word or phrase that correctly completes the sentence.
1. 
The antonym of light is ________ in “a ________ blue dress” and _________ in “a ________ box”.  
 A.deep, heavy   
B.heavy, deep   
C.deep, deep   
D.heavy, heavy   
2. 
Choked traffic has been a(n) ________ to urban transportation system.  
 A.main enemy   
B.major enemy   
C.primary enemy   
D.archenemy   
3. 
According to ________, human language is the result of evolution.  
 A.the oral-gestural theory   
B.the glossogenetic theory   
C.the divine-source theory   
D.the natural-sound theory   
4. 
Overjoyed to see his long-lost friend, Jimmy ________ a toast to the health of them all.  
 A.proposed   
B.raised   
C.spoke   
D.suggested   
5. 
Which of the following words has gone through the semantic change of specialization? ________.  
 A.notorious   
B.countdown   
C.bribe   
D.wife   
6. 
They all thought that she and her boyfriend were ________.  
 A.birds of a breed   
B.birds of a feather   
C.birds of a kind   
D.birds of a type   
7. 
Flying in an airplane was once thought to be an impossible ________.  
 A.promise   
B.problem   
C.profession   
D.task   
8. 
The scientists realized it would be too ________ to ship all people in one boat because it was fragile.  
 A.risky   
B.dangerous   
C.daring   
D.bold   
9. 
When it comes to a family quarrel, Mr. Smith just ________.  
 A.bury his head in the water   
B.bury his head in the garden   
C.bury his head in the earth   
D.bury his head in the sand   
10. 
This story is a _________ to divert the public attention away from the issue.  
 A.black horse   
B.green hand   
C.red herring   
D.blue moon   
四、
翻译题(本大题共5小题,每道题4.0分,共20.0分) 
Translate the following sentences into Chinese and pay special attention to the bold typed part.
1. 
Chinese football team needs an urgent cure to all kinds of Xenophobia.  
中国足球队需要克服对国外队伍的恐惧。
2. 
I think a lot of people still underestimate him.  
我想很多人仍然低估他了。
3. 
Her unladylikeness surprised all people in the ball.  
在舞会上,她毫无淑女之风,令所有人震惊。
4. 
Regional environmental cooperation has been carried with APEC, OPEC.  
地区性环境合作已经在亚太经济合作组织和石油输出国组织之间展开。
5. 
知足常乐。
五、
问答题(本大题共1小题,每道题20.0分,共20.0分) 
Answer the following question with appropriate illustrations.
1. 
What is a compound and what is a free phrase? How can compound and free phrases be distinguished?  
compounds refer to words formed by compounding or combining two or more stems. Free phrase is similar to"expression". It refers t any group of words with a idiomatic meaning. Compounds are similar to free phrases in structure, but compounds and free phrases are essentially diffferent and can be sdistinuishes by phonectic features, semantic features and grammatical features. 
1) Phonetic difference: Stess in compunds tends to fall on the initaial dlement white that of free phrases is apt to fall on the final elements. See the following examples
Compounds          Free phrases
'green house         green 'house
'blackboard black'board
'White House      white'house
This rule of distinction is not always reliable.
e.g. scholar'activist, mansion 'Avenue, may 'Flowers, silk'tie.
2)Semantic Differences: A compound is a semantic gestalt that expresses a single idea just like a word.
e.g. green house: a building with galass walls and root for the cultivation and exhibition of plants under controlled conditions of temperature, humidity, illumination, while the free phrase green house means a ouse in green color.
The meanings of the constituents in compounds form an inseparable semantic whole.The change of any element will result in the loss of the original indentity, though a considerable amount of compounds are transparent in meaning, that is, their meaning is the combination of the meanings of their constituents, flower pot, washing machine, scarlet fever, etc.
3) Grammatical difference: A compound is supposed to perform a single grammatical role in a sentence like a mound, a verb or an adjective. For instance, as moun compunds, blackboard and wite house cannot be modified by the adverb very, but it is acceptable in phrases a very blace board and a very white house.

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